Kurzemes katls/cietoksnis II WW2

Maršrutā gida pavadībā apskatāmas 2. pasaules kara kauju vietas Priekulē un tās  apkaimē. Ekskursijas garums un ilgums variējams atbilstoši ceļotāju interesēm. 

Maršruts piemērots ceļotājiem no 13 gadu vecuma. Piemērotākais pārvietošanās veids – auto vai autobuss līdz 30 vietām. Galvenie pieturas punkti: Gramzda, kur 1944. gada rudenī sākās Padomju armijas uzbrukums Vācijas armijas pozīcijām Priekulē. Priekules Brāļu kapi – lielākie Brāļu kapi Baltijā, kur apbedīti vairāk kā 23 000 Sarkanās armijas karavīri. Priekule – stratēģiski nozīmīga vieta Kurzemes katla dienvidos, kur notika īpaši smaga un sarežģīta kauja. Krote, kur 1945. gada februārī Vārtājas upes krastos apstājās Padomju armijas uzbrukums Kurzemes katlā ielenktajiem vācu spēkiem.

Galvenie pieturas punkti:

   - Gramzda – vieta, no kuras karš Priekules novadā 1941.g. “ienāca” un no kuras sākās šīs teritorijas atbrīvošana 1944.gada rudenī.

   - Priekules Brāļu kapi – lielākie Brāļu kapi Baltijā, kur apbedīti 23 000 Sarkanās armijas karavīru.

   - Priekule – stratēģiski nozīmīga vieta “Kurzemes katla” dienvidos, kuras atbrīvošanas kauja sarežģītības un smaguma ziņā ir īpašas uzmanības vērta.

   - Krote – vieta, kur “Kurzemes katla” atbrīvošanas cīņas Vārtājas upes krastos nācās apturēt 1945.gada februārī

Maršruts pieejams visu gadu, tikai gida pavadībā latviešu, krievu un angļu valodā. Apmeklējumu pieteikt iepriekš.

Saldus vācu karavīru kapi atrodas pie Saldus–Ezeres šosejas. Kapos, kas plešas 8 hektāru lielumā, pārapbedīti ap 25 000 vācu karavīru, kā arī daļa latviešu leģionāru. Pārapbedīšana notiek kopš 1997.gada.

No 1. maija līdz 1. oktobrim piemiņas istabā ir apskatāma ekspozīcija par Kurzemes kaujām. Šajā periodā piemiņas istaba ir atvērta darba dienās no 9:00 līdz 17:00, sestdienās un svētdienās kapos strādā arī gids. Ir pieejami arī Saldus vācu karavīru kapos apglabāto karavīru un visā Latvijā kritušo karavīru reģistri.

The only sewing machine collection in Latvia with more than 200 different sewing machines from the pre-war and Soviet periods, which played a direct role in the production of military clothing in the pre-war and war years. Collection creator - Juris Beloivans

The fraternal cemetery of the Red Army 130th Latvian and 8th Estonian Rifle Corps soldiers is located about 350 metres south-west of the Blīdene-Remte road. The name derives from the farm Tušķi, which was located 400 m south of the cemetery.

On 17 March 1945, the last attempt of the Red Army in Kurzeme began. The 308th Latvian Rifle Division attacked south-west and west of the Tušķi homestead and during three days of fighting crossed the Blīdene-Remte road in the 142.2 area of the highlands and reached the Jaunāsmuižas-Mezmali line. The soldiers killed during the battles were buried in several small cemeteries near Ķēķiai, Vērotāji, Jaunāsmuiža and elsewhere.

In the late 1960s, when the Soviet Union began to commemorate the Second World War, a new cemetery was established north of the ruins of the Tušķu homestead, where it was planned to rebury all the soldiers who had fallen in the Pilsblidene and Kaulači area. In reality, the reburial was partial, as very often the fallen soldiers remained in their original gravesites, but only their names were overwritten in the cemetery of the Tuški brothers. The names of the soldiers of the 8th Estonian Rifle Corps, whose main wartime cemetery was located on the site of the present Pilsblidene cemetery, can also be found in the Tuški Brethren Cemetery.

There is also a monument to Jakob Kundera, a soldier of the 8th Estonian Rifle Corps, to whom the object 'Kundera dots' is dedicated. Immediately after the battle, Jakob Kundera was buried in what is now Pilsblidene Cemetery, and later reburied in the Tuški Brethren Cemetery.

Campsite Melnsils is located next to the sea 10 km from Kolka. Here German Army type dugouts have been built that can be used as lodging for the night. This is a nod to the history of this region when during World War II the German Army had a border guard post and a camp site here and soldiers built dugouts for themselves using materials that could be found nearby. Trenches can still be found in the dunes along the coast.

‘Bunker Nr. 13’ is the largest of the two dugouts, with three bunk beds. The ‘Small Bunker’ is smaller and has two bunk beds. Campsite ‘Melnsils’ is a great choice for active recreation and sporting events for up to 300 people. It is located near the Slitere National Park, coastal bluffs and forest hiking trails. There are marked cycling trails that wind through the natural surroundings in the area. There are designated places for tents and campfires by the sea, as well as barrel-type guest houses for two or four people. A bathhouse with different types of whisks is also available.

The railway station building was opened with the construction of the Liepāja-Vainode railway line in 1871. The station building itself was opened in 1872. This was also the beginning of a great activity in the development of the central streets of Vaiņode. It is significant that in the guidebooks of the time, the distance of each building or object was indicated as the distance from the railway station. The railway station was once an important military transport hub. 

During the First World War, a branch line was built from the station to the airfield, which brought materials (metal shapes for hangars), cranes, winches and ammunition for war stores, which were then transported by zeppelins to Riga and bombed the Russian fortifications.

The railway station building was not affected by the devastation of World War II and has not changed its appearance over time. Vaiņode station can be seen from the outside.

The military activity in the vicinity of Vaiņode can be traced back to the successful Red Army offensive that began on 5 October 1944 in the vicinity of Šiauliai. Quickly crushing the weak German resistance, Soviet tank units were tasked with seizing the strategically important Liepāja-Shaul railway line. In the early hours of 9 October 1944, the first units of the 79th Tank Brigade of the 19th Panzer Corps and the separate units of the 143rd Tank Brigade launched an offensive. As a result of the collapse of the German front, only small units of the German 61st Infantry Division, supported by armoured trains, were present in the eastern outskirts of Vaiņode. The resistance was quickly overcome and by the evening of 9 October the whole of Vaiņode was under the complete control of the Red Army. On 10 October, units of the 103rd Rifle Corps of the Soviet 6th Guards Army arrived and continued their attacks, pushing back the German 61st Infantry Division 2 km north of the Skaistkalne sanatorium. As the Soviet forces took Vaiņode with little fighting, the Vaiņode station and the town's buildings suffered relatively little.

The fighting got a little closer to Vaiņode on 24 October 1944, when the German 10th Corps, with the 14th Panzer Division in the lead, carried out an offensive operation nicknamed "Eberhard". During the fighting, the front line consolidated just north of the sanatorium and remained there until 27 October, when the Red Army launched an offensive known as the 1st Kurland Bolshoi.
 

The manor house was built in the classical style in the 1920s of the 19th century. After the land reform, the manor complex was rented out to private individuals, but from 1932 it passed to the Ministry of People's Welfare.

6. During the fierce battles of the Great Battle of Courland it was used both as a support post and as an infirmary. 

On 17 March 1945, the last attempt of the Red Army to attack Courland began. Units of the German 24th Infantry Division defended themselves in the vicinity of the Pilsblidene Manor complex. On 18 March 1945, the manor house was attacked from the south by the 121st Rifle Regiment of the Latvian Rifle Division of the 43rd Guards, which was unsuccessful. The 1st Battalion of the 300th Rifle Regiment of the 7th Estonian Rifle Division attacked from the west, and at the end of the day the 35th Tank Brigade of the 3rd Guards Mechanised Corps joined the 1st Battalion of the 917th Rifle Regiment of the 249th Estonian Rifle Division on the Blīdene-Remte road.

On the night of 19 March, the 43rd Grenadier Regiment of the 19th Latvian SS Grenadier Division arrived in the vicinity of Blīdene Station and counter-attacked to retake the Pilsblīdene Manor residential building. However, as a result of a night tank attack, Estonian and Latvian units of the Red Army gained a foothold at the station.

In 1959, a fire broke out in the castle. From 1961 to 1986, a retirement home operated in the residential building. In 1986, the castle was again destroyed by fire. Since then, the castle has stood empty and ruined.

A 24-hectare park surrounds the manor house, which is now overgrown. The park has about 37 plantations of non-native species of trees and shrubs and is under state protection. The park is unmaintained and the surroundings are overgrown.

The Ezere Customs House is located in Ezere near the Saldus-Mažeikiai highway at the Latvian-Lithuanian border. The act of surrender of the German Army units ‘Kurzeme’ (Kurland) surrounded in the so-called ‘Courland Pocket’ was signed in this building on 8 May 1945. It is believed that World War II actually ended in Ezere. The customs house has an exhibit covering the events of the end of World War II and exhibits detailing the history of Ezere parish from ancient to modern days. In the morning of 7 May 1945, the commander of the Leningrad Front, Marshal L. Govorov, sent an ultimatum to the command of the army group ‘Kurzeme’ to lay down arms. The act of surrender was signed by the involved parties on May 8 and it detailed the procedure of surrender, weapons collection points, documents and information to be submitted and other practical measures.

The Priekule Memorial Ensemble of Warrior’s Cemetery is on the Liepāja-Priekule-Skoda road and is the largest burial site of Soviet soldiers of World War II in the Baltics. More than 23,000 Soviet soldiers are buried here. Operation Priekule was one of the fiercest battles in Kurzeme Fortress that took place from October 1944 to 21 February 1945. The Battle of Priekule in February 1945 lasted seven days and nights without interruption and had a lot of casualties on both sides. Until Priekule Warrior’s Cemetery was transformed into a memorial, the last monument of the outstanding Latvian sculptor K. Zāle (1888-1942) was located here to commemorate the independence battles in Aloja. Between 1974 and 1984, the 8 ha Priekule Warrior’s Cemetery was transformed into a memorial ensemble dedicated to those who fell in World War II. It was designed by the sculptor P. Zaļkalne, architects A. Zoldners and E. Salguss, and the dendrologist A. Lasis.

The centre of the memorial holds a 12 m tall statue called the ‘Motherland’, and names of the fallen are engraved on granite slabs. Until Latvia regained its independence, the Victory Day was widely celebrated every year on May 9.

The Pelči Manor is located in Pelči parish, Kuldīga municipality. Tours of the manor house must be booked in advance. The Pelči Manor was built between 1903 and 1904, and this work by architect Wilhelm Neumann is one of the most outstanding manors of the early 20th century in Latvia. Its architectural language involves compositional principles and elements from Renaissance, Baroque and Art Nouveau. Between the late 19th century and 1920, the manor was owned by the Fürst von Lieven family.

From 1944 to 1945, the Pelči Manor was used as headquarters of the German Army Group ‘North’ (known as Army Group ‘Kurzeme’ as of 25 January 1945).

The headquarters of the Army Group ‘North’ moved from Sigulda to the Pelči Manor on 23 September 1944 in view of the planned retreat of the 18th army force from Estonia. The headquarters remained there approximately until mid-May 1945 when, after the capitulation of Army Group ‘Kurzeme’, information and documents were handed over to Red Army officers.

The Nīgrande Local History Repository is located in the Nīgrande village in the manor barn, next to the Nīgrande Primary School, and is accessible by appointment.

The military history section of the repository includes an exhibition on World War II and original objects and parts found in the area after the war and in later years. You can also find out stories and see photographs about Nygrande and its surroundings from the War of Independence, World War II and the post-war period, as well as life on the collective farm in Soviet times. 

The exhibition has a special place for the local writer Jēkab Janševskis and his works, and there is an exhibition presenting traditional manor house life and furnishings. A mammoth tusk found in Nīgrande is also on display in the barn of Nīgrande Manor.

The memorial is located near the Zlēki Manor ensemble, in the western part of Karātavkalns.  Around twenty boulders with the names of the people killed form a circle, and in the centre is a black marble obelisk about three metres high.

Some of those killed have been reburied at the Zlēki memorial.

In December 1944, in the vicinity of Zlēki, the German Nazi army carried out a large-scale operation against the civilian population.In the combat action log of Army Group Nord, an entry was made at 17.30 on 9 December 1944 that 161 people belonging to the "Rubens Brigade and units of the Red Arrow" had been killed on the enemy side during the action. In Soviet times, this figure was apparently taken as the total number of victims of the Zlēki tragedy, referring to civilians killed.

The course of the action is partly documented in the report of the head of the counter-intelligence section of the German 16th Army of 31 December 1944. It explains that from 5 to 9 December, under the leadership of the highest SS and police leader in Ostland, SS Oberruppenführer and Police General Friedrich Jekeln, a large-scale operation took place at Eichensumpf ("Oak Swamp") against the "Red Arrows" and the remnants of General Kurel's group at Abava.

Во время поездки на прогулочном катере «Zezer» по озеру Циецерес вдоль Броцени вы можете послушать аудиогид и рассказ капитана об озере Циецерес и городе Броцени на его берегу, событиях Второй мировой войны у озера Циецерес, траншеях по обоим берегам озера и на острове Озолу, а также о Танковой дороге рядом с нынешней смотровой вышкой и затонувшем в озере танке. Аудиогид доступен на четырех языках - латышском, литовском, английском и русском. Прогулка длится 1 ч. 15 мин.

Памятный знак "Парус надежды", посвященный беженцам Второй мировой войны, которые в 1944 и 1945 годах пересекли Балтийское море на лодках и добрались до острова Готланд в Швеции. Мемориал находится в Освалки на дюнах между морем и шоссе Вентспилс-Лиепая, рядом с остановкой общественного транспорта "Кайяс". Его создал скульптор Гиртс Бурвис, который воплотил его в виде паруса надежды, символизирующего память о латышских беженцах.

С осени 1944 года по весну 1945 года, опасаясь возобновления советской оккупации, но не желая эвакуироваться в разрушенную и находящуюся под угрозой Германию, некоторые жители Латвии пытались добраться по морю до ближайшей нейтральной страны - Швеции. Часть судов была организована Латвийским центральным советом при помощи западных союзников, в результате чего в Юркалнесской волости образовался один из крупнейших пунктов сосредоточения беженцев. Кроме лодок, организованных Латвийским центральным советом, через море переправлялись и другие лодки. По оценкам, около 5000 человек смогли пересечь море. Число погибших неизвестно, так как учет беженцев, покидающих Курземское побережье, не велся. 

Плавание было опасным, поскольку беженцам угрожали немецкие патрули на побережье и в море, морские мины, советские самолеты и военные корабли, а также штормы, поскольку переправа часто осуществлялась на неприспособленных и перегруженных катерах и лодках без достаточного запаса топлива и продовольствия, морских карт и навигационных приборов. Отплытие из Латвии осуществлялось тайно. Местом назначения судов был остров Готланд, а путешествия чаще всего начинались на западном побережье Курляндии (от Юркалне до Готланда 90 морских миль или около 170 километров по полету ворона).

Кладбище советских солдат находится на дороге Скрунда - Эмбуте - Приекуле, которая расположена на возвышенности между двумя реками Дзельда на юге и Коя на севере. Здесь похоронено более 3000 павших. 

Сражения Второй мировой войны

С 27 октября 1944 года Красная Армия начала наступательную операцию, известную как 1-й Курляндский батальон, с целью уничтожения немецкой армейской группы "Север", позже переименованной в "Курляндию". К 5 ноября советская 61-я армия и части 6-й гвардейской армии и 4-й ударной армии достигли реки Зельд, а некоторые части 5-й гвардейской танковой армии захватили плацдармы на северном берегу реки. Перед следующим наступлением 2-я гвардейская армия 1-го Прибалтийского фронта была переброшена в этот сектор для достижения железнодорожной линии Скрунда-Лиепая. После того, как первоначальное вторжение было осуществлено, наступление в направлении Кулдиги продолжила бы 5-я гвардейская танковая армия.

Начало 2-го Курляндского сражения было отложено из-за погодных условий и началось только 19 ноября. Наибольших успехов Красная Армия добилась в районе нынешнего Братского кладбища, а к вечеру 24 ноября 1-й и 60-й стрелковые корпуса захватили плацдарм на северном берегу реки Кой. Однако на этом успехи Красной Армии закончились. Немецкая группа армий "Север" предвидела направление советских атак и сосредоточила здесь соответствующие силы, включая две танковые дивизии.

Вечером 26 ноября 1944 года атаки Красной Армии были остановлены, и до конца Второй мировой войны больше не предпринималось попыток уничтожить немецкие войска в Курляндии. В последующих боях задача состояла в том, чтобы не допустить эвакуации немецкой армии из Курляндии.

Памятник воинам 8-го Эстонского стрелкового корпуса Красной Армии находится на развалинах полуусадьбы Каулачи примерно в 100 метрах к юго-западу от дороги.

17 марта 1945 года началась последняя попытка наступления Красной Армии в Курляндии. Задачей 7-й Эстонской стрелковой дивизии 8-го Эстонского стрелкового корпуса было выйти на железнодорожную линию Рига-Лиепая западнее станции Блидене и обеспечить наступление 3-го гвардейского механизированного корпуса в направлении Гайки. К вечеру 17 марта 354-й стрелковый полк через лес достиг железной дороги южнее полуземлянки Каулачи и продолжил свои атаки в северо-западном направлении, достигнув домов Пикуляй. В полуусадьбе Каулачи и далее на северо-восток находились немецкие позиции Burg-Stellung, обороняемые отдельными подразделениями 329-й пехотной дивизии. В течение всего дня 18 марта атаки 354-го стрелкового полка продолжались безуспешно.

Вечером 18 марта 354-й стрелковый полк был поддержан 27-м стрелковым полком. В атаке также должен был участвовать передовой отряд 7-й механизированной бригады 3-го гвардейского механизированного корпуса - 1-й моторизованный батальон с одной танковой ротой. К вечеру 19 марта в результате концентрированной атаки советские войска захватили полумавзолей Каулаучи, овладев участком построенной немцами оборонительной линии на господствующей возвышенности.

До конца марта 1945 года продолжались, но безуспешно, атаки 8-го Эстонского стрелкового корпуса и 3-го механизированного корпуса в направлении Викстрауте и Ремте.

Во время боев в полуземлянке Каулачи размещались штабы различных уровней, и в мае 1975 года на этом месте был открыт памятный камень.

There is also a private collection in Zvārde municipality that contains both cars and trucks, as well as motorcycles.

The collection includes a restored German army BMW motorcycle, which was already here during the siege of the german army group "Kurland", as well as several German cars that remained here after the surrender of the German army group "Kurland".

This collection was created by enthusiast Jānis Dobelis. If you make an appointment in advance, the owner is ready to welcome you and give you a full description of each of the exhibits.

The thematic horse-drawn carriage tours offered by the owner of the Stiebriņi farm, such as a horse-drawn carriage ride on a railway embankment, listening to a guide talk about the industrial heritage, are a great adventure. A horse-drawn carriage ride through the sites of the former military garrisons/towns around Paplaka will also be unforgettable. We particularly recommend the children's playground of the Soviet army housing estate, known locally as "Disneyland", the Finnish cottages (a Finnish wartime contribution to the Soviet Union), the water towers and the ruins of the former luxurious buildings of Barons fon Korfs. 

Otrā pasaules kara kauju vietas pie Embūtes pilskalna un baznīcas atrodas Embūtes dabas parkā, kas tiek dēvēts par Embūtes senleju. Dabas parks ir zīmīgs ar to, ka šī bija viena no pirmajām vietām Latvijā, kur sāka atkāpties ledājs. Dabas parka atrodas daudzi dabas, vēsturiskie un ģeogrāfiski interesanti objekti.

Otrais pasaules kara kaujas Embūtes senlejā

Sarkanā armija no 1944. gada 27. oktobra sāka uzbrukuma operāciju, kas tagad zināma kā 1. Kurzemes lielkauja, ar mērķi iznīcināt armiju grupu “Ziemeļi”. Sākotnējais plāns paredzēja 61. armijas uzbrukumu no Vaiņodes rajona virzienā uz ziemeļiem, lai nodrošinātu 5. gvardes tanku armijas iesaistīšanu panākuma attīstīšanai. Šajā sektora aizstāvējās vācu 30. grenadieru un 563. tautas grenadieru divīzija, kuras atbalstīja 14. tanku divīzija. Viena no galvenajām padomju uzbrukuma asīm atradās uz ceļa Vaiņode – Embūte – Nīkrāce – Skrunda, un tieši šeit tika plānota padomju tanku vienību izmantošana.

Galvenais šķērslis tanku ceļā bija Lankas upes ieleja, kuras augstienēs atrodas Embūtes baznīca, Embūtes pils un Embūtes pilskalns. Laika posmā no 1944. gada 28. oktobra līdz 31. oktobrim padomu uzbrukums šeit tika apturēts un ļāva vācu virspavēlniecībai pievilkt nepieciešamās rezerves. 31. oktobrī padomu uzbrukums spēja pavirzīties līdz Šķerveles upei, apejot Lankas upes ieleju uz ziemeļiem no Embūtes pilskalna, un turpināt uzbrukumu Nīkrāces virzienā.

Kolkas ragā, izņemot vairākas ilgstošā laika posmā pārbūvētas jūras bākas, neplānoja militāru infrastruktūru, ne pirms Pirmā pasaules kara, ne Pirmā pasaules kara laikā, ne arī Otrajā pasaules kara laikā. Krasta aizsardzības baterijas plānoja būvēt Irbes jūras šauruma šaurākajā vietā starp Sirves pussalu un Miķeļtorņa bāku.

Vienīgie militāra rakstura nocietinājumi parādījās 1944. gada beigās, kad vācu armiju grupa “Ziemeļi” gatavojās atvairīt iespējamos padomju Baltijas kara flotes desantus. 1945. gada pavasarī, pēc ledus iziešanas, krasta aizsardzību Kolkas ragā īstenoja 532. artilērijas diviziona divas baterijas. 7. baterija ar četriem 75 mm lielgabliem un trijiem 20 mm zenītlielgabliem. 8. baterija ar četriem 88 mm zenītlielgabalaiem, trijiem 20 mm zenītlielgabaliem un 81 mm mīnmetēju. Pretdesanta kājnieku garnizonu veidoja viena no slavenākajām Vācu Kara flotes krasta aizsardzības vienībām – 531. artilērijas diviziona 5. rota. Lai gan pēc nosaukuma tā bija artilērijas vienība, bet pēc izmantošanas tā bija kājnieku vienība, kas savu kara ceļu iesāka 1941. gada jūnijā pie Liepājas. Tālāk šī vienība atradās Somijas jūras līča salu garnizonos un vēlāk piedalījās kaujās Sāremā salā. Diviziona paliekas pārformēja vienā rotā un, pastiprinot ar septiņiem prettanku lielgabaliem trijiem 20 mm zenītlielgabaliem, novietoja Kolkas ragā.

Padomju jūras desanta operācija tā arī nenotika un vācu vienības kapitulēja 1945. gada maijā.

Militāro infrastruktūru Kolkas ragā sāka izbūvēt pēc Otrā pasaules kara, kad šeit izvietojās padomju robežapsardzības posteņi un Kolka kā visa Kurzemes piekraste no Mērsraga līdz Lietuvas robežai kļuva par slēgto zonu

Ejot pa Odžu kalna nogāzi kādus 200 m pa celiņu, redzami vairāki ar Pirmo pasaules karu saistāmi objekti - veci lielgabalu betona pamati no. Savukārt pie pludmales paralēli Rojas takai esošā meža celiņa slejas nepabeigts betona novērošanas tornis. Šī objekta precīzs pielietojums nav zināms. Zem pamata izbūvētas nišas munīciju novietošanai. Vietvietām, starp priedēm, redzamas arī dziļas bedres - bijušas zemnīcas.

Iespējams daži no objektiem sasitāmi ar Otrā pasaules kara beigām, kad šajā apkārtnē bija izvietotas vācu krasta aizsardzības baterijas. Jūras spēku 532. artilērijas diviziona 4. baterijas bruņojumā bija četri 88 mm zenītlielgabali, trīs 37 mm zenītlielgabali, viens 20 mm četrstobru zenītlielgabals un viens 50 mm mīnmetējs apgaismošanas veikšanai naktī. Pie Rojas ietekas jūrā izvietoti divi 45 mm prettanku lielgabali. Pilsētas garnizons sastāvēja no 64. un 109. sapieru bataljonu vienībām.

Ķerkliņu baznīcas drupas atrodas aptuveni 5 kilometrus uz ziemeļrietumiem no Kokmuižas, netālu no Ķerkliņu ezera. Baznīcu 1641. gadā cēlis Ķerkliņu muižas īpašnieks Heinrihs fon Dēnhofs (Derkarts). Sākotnējo koka baznīcu nomainīja mūra celtne, zem kurām izbūvēja kapenes Dēnhofu un vēlāko īpašnieku Kleistu dzimtu mirušajiem. Kapenes tika postītas jau 1905. gada nemieros, bet 1949. gadā zārkus no kapenēm pārbedīja pie baznīcas. Baznīca bija Kurzemes baroka stila piemērs – tās kokgriezumus bija veidojuši Kuldīgas – Liepājas koktēlniecības meistari. Lai gan muižas un baznīcas īpašniekus dažādos laikos vajāja arī finansiālas problēmas,  tomēr savas pastāvēšanas laikā baznīca piedzīvoja vairākas pārbūves. Tā cieta arī Pirmā pasaules kara laikā, pēc kura 1929. gadā draudze atjaunoja baznīcas mūra daļu, bet 1934. gadā iebūvēja ērģeles. Diemžēl Otrā pasaules kara gados baznīca piedzīvoja postījumus un daudz kas no to tā zuda, tāpēc atzīstami, ka pirms baznīcas pārbūves, 1933. gadā daudzi unikāli baroka koktēlniecības priekšmeti tika fotografēti, uzskaitīti un nonāca pat Pieminekļu valdes arhīvā. Līdz ar poligona izveidošanu un iedzīvotāju padzīšanu, baznīcu vairs neatjaunoja. Mūsdienās šeit redzamas baznīcas sienas un tornis.

Krotes apkārtnē Vārtājas upes krastos atrodas armiju grupas “Kurzeme” pēdējās nocietinājumu līnijas, kuras vācu karaspēks noturēja līdz kapitulācijai 1945. gada 8. maijā.

Līdz Vārtājas krastiem frontes līnija nonāca 1945. gada februārī, lai gan jau pirms tam uz nozīmīgā ceļa no Priekules uz Ilmājas dzelzceļa staciju, bija sagatavoti sprostojumi. Kauju pēdējā fāzē šajā vietā aizsardzības pozīcijas ieņēma vācu 18. armijas 2. armijas korpusa 87. kājnieku divīzijas vienības. Lai aizsargātu ceļu līdz Liepājas – Saldus dzelzceļa līnija, Bērzkroga apkārtnē bija izvietota 18. armijas rezerve 14. tanku divīzija, kuras 36. tanku pulka 1. bataljona bruņojumā bija 28 Pzkpfw. V (Panther) tanki. Kara beigās tā bija vienīga vienība visā Kurzemē, kuras bruņojumā atradās šī tipa kaujas tehnika.

Šodien Krotē atrodas Māra Ūtēna privātkolekcija un ir iespēja apskatīt vācu pozīciju tranšejas un bunkuru vietas mežos pie Vārtājas upes. Ir pieejamas teltsvietas, ugunskura vieta, mazmājiņa, ir iespēja makšķerēt karpas.

Kurzemes mežos joprojām atrodas sprādzienbīstami priekšmeti! 

A storage room for antiques has been arranged in the house of the lords of the Virga manor. Here you can get an idea of who lived on the banks of the Vārtajas River and in Virga, as well as the Virga estate and the Nold family of barons, as well as the times of World War II and the Soviet kolkhoz in Virga. You can only look at the objects, but you can also listen to stories about topics that are interesting to visitors.

The Virga manor survived the Battle of the Kurzeme cauldron in 1944/1945 so well that a simple walk through the territory of the former manor allows you to perceive the breath of antiquity and the presence of the former inhabitants of the manor. A moment of rest at the "Karlias Zabaks" memorial of the Swedish king Charles XII or at a specially designed resting place near the Virga Tradition House will be useful not only for relaxation, but also as a reminder that Charles XII spent the winter of 1701 right here - in Virga.

In the former granary of the manor, now in the house of cultural and domestic traditions of local residents, you can rent a sauna and rooms for celebrations, including weddings.

Pampāļi is a settlement in Pampāļu parish of Saldus county, the center of the parish is on the banks of Zaņas and its tributary Abrupe, 27 km from the county center Saldus and 147 km from Riga. The settlement was formed around the center of Pampāli manor after the agrarian reform. In 1933, Pampālis was granted the status of a densely populated place.

The hostilities on the outskirts of the Pampali began on November 21, 1944, when the Soviet 4th shock army, forcing Venta, began an attack in the direction of Saldus. By November 24, the situation stabilized and the front line remained unchanged until December 21.

On December 21, 1944, the so-called 3rd Battle of Kurzeme began, during which the 4th shock army of the 1st Baltic Front with 4 rifle corps (12 rifle divisions) and the 3rd Guards Mechanized Corps attacked in the direction of Saldus to connect there with the 2nd Baltic Front units. The German 132nd Infantry Division, whose 1st Battalion of the 436th Grenadier Regiment had fortified itself in the vicinity of the manor and the church, was defending itself in the Pampali district.

The attack on Pampāliai was carried out under the support of massive artillery fire by the 357th and 145th Rifle Divisions of the 1st Rifle Corps, supported by the 39th Guards Tank Brigade. During the first 24 hours of the battle, the Pampali garrison, commanded by the commander of the 14th (Anti-Tank) Company of the 436th Grenadier Regiment, Captain Eberard Coll, was encircled and virtually destroyed in fierce fighting.

Since Pampali was located right on the front line, all the buildings were hit by artillery fire and practically have not been preserved today.

Private military collection in Mundigciems. Aivars Ormanis has been collecting historical objects for many years - military uniforms, uniforms, camouflage, communication devices, household items, protective equipment from different periods and countries, dating back to the Second World War, the Soviet army and the restoration of independent Latvia.

The collection is currently not well maintained and the exhibits are housed in a former collective farm barn. 

It is located at the crossroads of rural roads, turning off the road leading from Pienava to Džūkste.

Memorial to H. Faul, and to the nine German and Latvian soldiers who fell in the battle of 27 December 1944 (probably blown up by a direct hit from a cannon shell) and who are presumed missing since then, as no remains, documents or other evidence of their identity have been found.

The Otanki local museum is located in the yard of the former Rude school.

The guide's narration about the bunker and its creators, their further fate. A model of the bunker created by the students of the former Rude school (according to the partisans' own narrative) and a spatial map of the forest area of those times with marked houses of supporters and contacts can be viewed. Bunker household exhibits collected.

Advance application by phone 26323014 or email lelde.jagmina@gmail.com.

1943. aasta lõpus hakkasid natside Saksa okupatsioonivõimud, plaanides laiendada SS-i motoriseeritud relvaüksusi, ehitama Dundaga läheduses väljaõppekohta nimega "Seelager" (merelaager). Dundaga ja Arlava kihelkondade elanikud evakueeriti harjutusvälja rajamiseks. 
Laagri taristu rajamiseks asusid Dundaga läheduses mitmed koonduslaagri "Kaizervalde" filiaalid, kuhu paigutati umbes 6000 juuti erinevatest Euroopa riikidest (sealhulgas Lätist) ning umbes 1000 sõjavangi ja partisani. Paljud vangid surid hukkamiste ja kehvade elutingimuste tõttu. Osa surnutest maeti "Čiekuri" laagrisse, mis mõnede andmete kohaselt oli ka Mazirbe suunas kitsarööpmelist raudteed ehitanud juutide grupi mõrvapaik.
1944. aasta augusti alguses, pärast Nõukogude Liidu sissetungi Zemgalesse, likvideeriti väljaõppekeskus, mitu tuhat väljaõppeta SS-veeretajat saadeti tagasi Saksamaale ning komandost, instruktoritest ja koolitatud sõduritest moodustati SS-mootorbrigaad Gross, mis sai nime väljaõppekeskuse komandöri, SS-standardseersant Martin Grossi järgi. Brigaad osales 1944. aasta augustis Tukumsi lahingus ning 1944. aasta septembris Iecava ja Baldone lahingutes.
Pärast SS-üksuste lahkumist kasutati harjutusvälja infrastruktuuri Riiast ja teistest Läti piirkondadest evakueeritud juutide majutamiseks, keda kasutati jätkuvalt orjatööjõuna.

Aizvīkai mõisapark asub Gramzda vallas Aizvīkis, vaid mõne kilomeetri kaugusel Leedu piirist.

Aivvikai pargis on siiani hästi näha II maailmasõja aegsete punkrite ja kaevikute kohad. Üks relvaliikidest oli Katyusha raketiheitesüsteem. Mitmed sellised raketiheitmissüsteemid asusid Aizvīki pargis ka pärast II maailmasõja lõppu ja need kohad (caponieri) on looduses selgelt nähtavad.

See ainulaadne, saladuste ja legendidega kaetud metsapark tekkis 19. sajandi lõpus Aizvīkai mõisapargina, kui mõisaparun von Korff kattis lähedal asuva künkliku maa männi- ja kuusemetsaga. Hiljem rajati 40 ha suurusele alale jalutusrajad, istutati ka teisi puuliike ja rajati faasaniaed.

Lisaks maalilistele metsamaastikele on siin ka puidust muinasjutulised ja muinasjutulised kujundid ning kiviskulptuurid, mis jutustavad reisijatele Aizvīki ajaloo sündmustest ning tähistavad pargis olevaid kultuuri- ja ajaloolisi paiku. Parki on loodud ka Roheline klass.

Aizvīkai mõisapargi kultuuri- ja ajaloopärandi põhjalikumaks tundmaõppimiseks soovitame kasutada giidi teenuseid.

Aizvīkai mõisapark asub Gramzda vallas Aizvīkis, vaid mõne kilomeetri kaugusel Leedu piirist.

Aivvikai pargis on siiani hästi näha II maailmasõja aegsete punkrite ja kaevikute kohad. Pargis on taastatud Punaarmee punker.

Üks relvatüüpe Teise maailmasõja ajal oli "Katyusha" raketiheitesüsteem. Aizvīki pargis asus mitu sellist raketiheitmissüsteemi, isegi praegu on need kohad (caponieri) looduses selgelt nähtavad.

Aizvīkai mõisapargi kultuuri- ja ajaloopärandi põhjalikumaks tundmaõppimiseks soovitame kasutada giidi teenuseid.

Major Jānis Ozolase divisjonile on paigaldatud mälestussilt Riia - Liepāja maantee äärde, Džukste valda, umbes ühe kilomeetri kaugusel mälestuspaiga Kurzeme tagaveest.

Kolmandas Kurzeme lahingus 31. detsembril lõi Ozola III diviis ja major Kristaps Insbergi II diviis viimase kaitseliinina tagasi vastase ülekaaluka rünnaku, hoides ära rinde murdumise. Selles lahingus ilmutab Ozol isiklikku kangelaslikkust ja juhtimisvõimet

Jānis Ozols (1904-1947) oli Läti armee ja Läti leegioni ohvitser, armee aunimekirja pälvinud, samuti rahvuspartisan ja Nõukogude repressioonide ohver.

Cirkale kalmistule maeti ümber Rubeņa pataljoni parameedikud Ārija Stiebriņa ja Velta Vaska, kelle Saksa natside armee üksused lasid maha 9. detsembril 1944 koos teiste Zlēki ümbruses tabatud elanike, desertööride jms.

Juttude järgi järeldub sellest, et noored naised on Rubeni pataljoni astunud vabatahtlikult. Koos Rubeni pataljoniga mindi Suntažist Usmasse. Ent Jekelna kampaania käigus arreteeriti noored naised teel, viidi veelogi metsaülema majja ülekuulamisele ja lasti koos väikese grupi teiste kinnipeetutega maha. Üks Cirkale elanik, naine tundis Aryat ja tal õnnestus mõlema tüdruku säilmed ümber matta Cirkale kalmistu serva ning hoolitses selle kalmistu eest kogu Nõukogude okupatsiooni aja.

Saksa 16. armee vastuluuredivisjoni ülema, SS-i kõrgeima ja Ostlandi politseiülema SS-Obergruppenführeri ja politseikindrali Friedrich Jäckelni juhtimisel toimus Eichensumpfis ("tammesoo") suuroperatsioon. 5.-9.detsembrini, mis oli suunatud "Punase Noole" ja kindrali Kurelise rühmituse jäänuste vastu Abava lähedal.

Aktsiooni käik on osaliselt dokumenteeritud 31. detsembri 1944. aasta aruandes.

The graves of soldiers of Ruben's battalion are located by the highway Kuldīga - Sabile. A road sign and a stone with the inscription "For Your Land and Freedom" are located just a few hundred meters from the road.

The battalion of Lieutenant Robert Rubenis was one of the parts of the military unit formed by General Jānis Kurelis, which did not surrender to the German troops and showed fierce German resistance. During the Usma period, the numerical composition of the battalion increased to 650 men with four fully equipped companies, an ambulance and a farm team. Commanding staff: lieutenant R. Rubenis, lieutenant Filipsons, vv A. Druviņš, vv Šults, vv Briedis, vv. sergeant J. Rubenis, J. Bergs, vv Jaunzems.

From November 14 to December 9, 1944, fierce battles took place in the parishes of Ugāle, Usma, Renda and Zlēki between units of the German 16th Army, SD and SS units under the command of police general Friedrich Jekeln and a separate battalion of the Kurelian unit commanded by lieutenant Roberts Rubenis. Around 250 German soldiers were killed in the battles near Renda and Zleki, while the losses of the Rubenes were around 50 people.

After the death of Lieutenant Rubenis, Druviņš announced to his men that he would continue to work on a voluntary basis and as a result, several dozen men made the decision to separate from Rubenis' battalion. On November 20-21, 1944, a group of 11 people was captured by a German SD unit and after interrogations they took them to the local forest and shot them.

Among the many objects of Liepāja Karosta, Liepāja coastal artillery battery No. 2 is still the most mysterious place in Liepaja. In battery no. 2, the ammunition depots of the troops of the various existing powers were always installed.

Liepaja Fortress Battery No. 2 was built further from the coastline and was protected by a high rampart. The batteries were armed with 16 11-inch (280 mm) mortars of the 1877 model. After the fortress was dismantled, ammunition warehouses were set up here. Due to the danger of explosions, the territory was closed to the public and guarded for 130 years, but now there is an exposition about the activities of the 1st Kurzeme Division Headquarters in the years 1919-1940s, as well as photo evidence of the 1st Liepāja Infantry Regiment, the 2nd Ventspils Infantry Regiment and the Kurzeme Artillery. regiment.

The coast of Mazirbe was an important place in the Second World War, from where the traffic of refugee boats to Sweden took place in 1944.

In 1944, there was an active traffic of refugee boats to the shores of Sweden from Staldzene.

House at Lauku Street 4, Ventspils, where the teacher teacher Valentīne Lasmane (b. Jaunzeme) (1916–2018) lived and worked, who in 1944-1945 worked as LCP liaison and member of Ventspils communication group. Lived in Sweden after World War II. She compiled the testimonies of 130 boat refugees in the publication "Across the Sea 1944/1945." (Stockholm, 1990), but V. Lasmane's own life story can be read in the book "The night is not just for sleeping" (Riga, 2020). In 2000, she was awarded the Order of Three Stars. Died at the age of 102 in 2018 in the Stockholm suburb of Tebia.

House at 4 Katrīnes Street, Ventspils, where archaeologist Valdemārs Ęinters worked.

From October 1944 to May 8, 1945, the representative of the LCP in Kurzeme was archaeologist Valdemārs Ęinters (nicknames "Doctor", "Gardener") (1899–1979). Participant of the Latvian War of Independence, director of the State Historical Museum and docent of the University of Latvia. Awarded the Order of the Lāčplēš War and the Order of the Three Stars. One of the signatories of the LCP memorandum of March 17, 1944. Lived in Sweden after World War II. From 1949 to 1979, chairman of the board of the Latvian National Fund.

1944-1945 in the prison set up in Livonia Oden Castle. In 2010, several members of the LCP Ventspils communication group and the movers of refugee boats were detained.

The road to the "Grīnieku" house in Vārve parish, where in 1944 there was one of the main settlements of boat refugees on the coast of Kurzeme.

Vārves "huts", a place in Ventspils county, which served as a temporary accommodation for Latvian refugees who were waiting for boats from Gotland to arrive in 1944.

The restored "Bambaļi" houses in Ošvalki, Jūrkalne parish, were one of the main places of settlement for boat refugees on the coast of Kurzeme.

"Laukgaļi" in Jūrkalne parish, the writer Kārlis Skalbe's place of residence in October-November 1944, while waiting for the refugee boat to Sweden.

The memorial is located near the Pāvilosta beach lookout tower in the dunes. There are signs pointing to the memorial.

At the end of the Second World War, three Lithuanian police battalions, the 5th, 13th and 256th, were also deployed in Latvia, and after guard duty and fighting against Soviet partisans and the Red Army on the Eastern Front, from autumn 1944 they were involved in guarding the Baltic Sea coast in Kurzeme.

In October 1944, all three battalions, consisting of 32 officers and about 900 instructors and soldiers, were subordinated to the German 18th Army's 583rd Rear Guard Unit (Koruck 583). The unit was tasked with guarding the Kurzeme coast from Liepāja to Ventspils. All three Lithuanian battalions were deployed in the vicinity of Pavilosta. In December 1944, the 13th Battalion was transferred to the German 1st Army Corps at the Liepaja Lake.

One of the tasks of the Lithuanian coastguard, besides being ready to fight enemy landings and to report enemy ships, was to prevent Latvian refugee boats from sailing to the island of Gotland, 160 kilometres away, but the Lithuanian coastguard men did not prevent the refugee boats from leaving. However, news of the Lithuanian coastguard helping the Latvian refugees and the Lithuanians themselves preparing to cross the sea to Sweden also reached the Germans.

On 10 January 1945, the soldiers of the 1st Company of the 5th Lithuanian Police Battalion were rounded up. More than a week of interrogation and trial followed, which, as a warning to the others, decided to execute seven of the Lithuanian soldiers and to imprison 11 of their comrades in concentration camps in Germany. The execution of the seven Lithuanian soldiers (Sergeant Macijauski, the company commander; Juozas Sendrjuas, a soldier; Vladas Salickas, a soldier; Ionas Bašinskis, Krasauskas and two unknown others) took place on 21 January 1945 in the Zaļkalns Pines in Pavilosta.

In January 1945, the 5th Battalion was disbanded and the combat-ready soldiers were divided into the two remaining battalions, while the rest were formed into a separate sapper company. At the time of the surrender of Army Group Kurzeme in May 1945, two battalions (13th and 256th) were still in Kurzeme as a sapper company with a total of 900 soldiers who were taken prisoner by the Soviets.
 

The coast of Mazirbe was an important place in the Second World War, from where the traffic of refugee boats to Sweden took place in 1944.

Located in Tukums region, on the side of the A9 motorway, 500 m from the turn to Lesteni in the direction of Riga.

The memorial site was established in 1991 near the Rumbu houses, in the vicinity of which there was active warfare. This is a tribute to the defenders of the "Kurzeme Fortress" who fought against the Red Army in World War II. The battles were significant because they temporarily stopped the Red Army's complete occupation of Latvia. About 300,000 Latvians emigrated, avoiding crimes against the civilian population by the Soviet regime.

At the end of World War II, a peculiar situation had developed in the territory of Latvia. There were German army forces in Kurzeme, which the Red Army tried to eliminate or prevent their involvement in the fighting in East Prussia or around Berlin. "Kurzeme Fortress" - the most common term to describe the warfare in Kurzeme from 1944 to 1945. The "battles of Kurzeme" were the battles of the German army to repel the large-scale attacks of the Red Army. The Kurzeme fortress ceased to exist shortly after the German capitulation.

Today you can see a place of remembrance and rest, which has been popular among Latvian legionnaires since the restoration of Latvia's independence.

Named ‘Pāvilosta, a Closed Area’, the exhibit in the Pāvilosta Local History Museum is about everyday life in the town of Pāvilosta during the Soviet occupation; specifically, about the executive branch, border area, fishermen’s collective farm, and the cultural and social activities. In addition to the permanent exhibit, there is an interactive and emotionally rich digital exhibit in two languages and an audio-visual installation offering a film about Pāvilosta.

The museum also features a new exhibit named ‘The Golden Sand Grains of Pāvilosta’. The digital installation showcases old events, how Pāvilosta was founded and the most important developments from 1918 to the present day. Military heritage is a point of focus in the War of Independence section, which tells a story about the freedom fighters of Latvia and the time of the Soviet occupation.

The museum exposition (the only museum dedicated to the Kurzeme fortress) tells richly and engagingly about the course of warfare in the Kurzeme fortress and the future fates of Latvian soldiers. On the other hand, in the open-air exhibition, you can walk around and see the restored wartime trenches, bunkers and heavy military equipment.

Working hours:

Monday - Tuesday - closed

Wednesday - Saturday - 10:00 - 17:00

Sunday - 10:00 - 15:00

It is advisable to contact in advance by phone 29442311.

Located in Tukums region, Lestene, next to the church.

The construction of the Brothers' Cemetery in Lestene began in 1998. It is the second largest cemetery of soldiers in Latvia, where more than 1,300 Latvian legionnaires are buried together. Only after the restoration of the Republic of Latvia was it possible to bury Latvian soldiers who died in World War II from various places.

The Latvian Legion was a combat unit of the German army, formed mainly from illegally mobilized Latvians. The soldiers perceived their presence in the legion as a struggle for the restoration of Latvia's independence, despite the fact that it took place in the ranks of the German armed forces and that Germany had occupied Latvia. There was no other military force that could delay the return of the Soviet occupation. Latvian legionnaires fought against the Red Army, which had abolished Latvia's independence, destroyed its army and committed crimes against civilians. Between 110,000 and 115,000 soldiers fought in the ranks of the German army, and between 30,000 and 50,000 of them left their lives on the battlefield.

Today in Lestene you can see the Brethren's Cemetery, next to which is Lestene Church. It is an outstanding example of baroque sacred art. In the old church pub you can get acquainted with the exposition dedicated to the history of the Latvian Legion. The central image of the Brothers' Cemetery "Motherland - Mother - Latvia" was created by the sculptor Arta Dumpe. Nearby is Lestene Manor, which belonged to the Latvian Army General Mārtiņš Hartmanis before the Second World War.

Excursions to Lestene Church can be booked at the head of the parish of Lestene Evangelical Lutheran Church Inguna Kokina, phone +371 29993743.

The memorial site in Kambari is located in a place that is not easy to find. When driving along the Riga-Liepāja highway, between Annenieki and Kaķenieki, you should turn left onto a dirt road and drive about 2 kilometers.

The battles at Kambari and Ileni have gone down in history with a huge number of fallen on both sides of the army. The monument was erected at the Kambari homestead, where in January 1945 one of the most senseless battles took place, when at least 3,000 soldiers fell.

The front line of the Courland fortress advanced through Annenieki in the winter of 1944/1945. Here the 319th Regiment of the 308th Latvian Rifle Division of the Red Army fought against the units of the 19th Division of the Latvian SS Volunteer Legion. Here Latvians fought against Latvians.

Photographer, publicist and writer Gunārs Birkmanis recorded the memories of his schoolmate Alfons Kalniņš in his book “Reflections of a Century”: In 1946, we went to the Īleni and Kambari fields to look for weapons. There, two large fields were full of the remains of fallen Red Army soldiers. A thousand, I think, or more skeletons in gray Russian army overcoats. They had nothing: no weapons, no belongings, no documents that would indicate their belonging. We knew that they were Latvians mobilized by the Russians.

During the Soviet years, a memorial was erected at this place, interpreting what happened there in the Soviet spirit. The monument – the figures of a standing girl and a young man – was brought from one of the many nearby Brothers' Cemeteries, when soldiers were reburied there. The old inscription in Latvian and Russian is still on the plaque: "Here were battles of 1944. gada XII and 1945. gada I for the liberation of the region from the German occupiers". A small memorial stone "Missing soldier 1944-1945" has recently been placed nearby.