Karinė aviacija
I WW1, I Nepriklausomybės karai, Baltijos šalių nepriklausomybė, II WW2, IV Sovietų okupacija, Atkurta Nepriklausomybė

Įsikūręs Rygoje, Pārdaugavoje, Spilvės pievose netoli Iļģuciems.

Spilvė karinio paveldo istorijoje garsėja ambicingu Spilvės mūšiu XVIII a. ir Spilvės aerodromas. Nuo XX amžiaus jis buvo naudojamas orlaivių bandymams, o Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais tapo Latvijos aviacijos istorijos liudininku.

Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Spilvės pievas naudojo Rusijos kariuomenės oro pajėgos kovoje su vokiečių kariuomene. Sukūrus Latviją, aerodromas tapo svarbiausia šalies oro pajėgų baze ir pilotų poligonu. Ankstesni oro uosto pavadinimai buvo „Spilvės oro uostas“ arba „Rygos oro uostas“, vėliau „Rygos centrinis oro uostas“. Tai buvo pagrindinis oro uostas Latvijoje iki Rygos oro uosto atidarymo 1975 m.

Galbūt prie įspūdingų ne vieno Latvijos piloto pasiekimų prisidėjo prie Rygos esantis Spilvės aerodromas ir svajonė pasiekti žvaigždes. Galbūt, tačiau Latvijos aviacijos užuomazga gerokai senesnė ir ją galima rasti Priekulėje, kur latvių kalvis Zviedris savadarbiu aparatu išskrido iš bažnyčios bokšto.

Šiandien Spilvės oro uostas veikia. Galima pamatyti 1954 metais pastatytą oro uosto pastatą, kuris įkūnija sovietinį klasicizmą arba „Stalino imperijos“ stilių.

Šaltiniai:

Irbītis, K. Latvijos aviacija ir jos pradininkai. Ryga: Mokslas, 2004.

Brūvelis, E. Latvijos aviacijos istorija: 1919-1940. Ryga: Mokslas, 2003.

Oficiali valstybinės agentūros „Civilinės aviacijos agentūra“ svetainė. Prieiga: https://www.caa.gov.lv/lv/latvijas-aviacijas-vesture-isuma [žiūrėta 2021 02 22].

The Riga Air Museum is located in Skulte village, Marupe municipality, in the territory of Riga Airport, next to the aircraft observation area. It is a privately made tourist attraction that opened in 1997. It has taken more than 50 years to create this collection. Aviation equipment has been gathered from Latvia, Russia, Poland, Ukraine, the Czech Republic and the USA. It is one of the largest and most valuable collections in Europe. The idea of a Latvian Aviation Museum was conceived at least 80 years ago. The history of Latvian aviation dates back to the time when the world's first aircraft were being developed. Latvian pilots were among those who participated in achieving many world records. After World War I and the Latvian War of Independence the Latvian Army started to form an air force, and there was a need to preserve historical evidence. In the 1930s, there was an opportunity to start work on creating a museum. It already had acquired some particularly valuable historical items in its collection. World War II thwarted this project and the collection was lost. Nowadays there are about 40 aircraft objects, mainly manufactured in the Soviet Union. And the exposition gives an insight into the history of Soviet aviation.

Located in Mārupe region, Skulte village, near Riga International Airport.

Skulte was one of the typical villages that was created for Soviet military personnel. There was an aviation unit that bombed the cities of Berlin and other places in 1941, as well as took part in the occupation of the Baltic States. In 1978, an environmental facility, the IL-28, was installed there to highlight the merits of Soviet Army pilots in World War II.

After the war, the Soviet Union continued its active armaments policy. IL-28 was the first, most produced Soviet jet bomber. The first RDS-4 atomic bomb ("Tatiana") was dropped from a plane of the same model in 1953 to test the army's ability to attack after a nuclear explosion. The aircraft had various modifications. In tests, it reached a speed of 906 km / h, carrying several tons of heavy cargo and flying 2,445 km. It was run by a crew of 3 people.

The plane is not only a witness to the military heritage, but also a symbol of ideology. In 2010, marking the victory of the Soviet army over Germany, the plane was rebuilt. There have also been several unsuccessful attempts to dismantle it as an object glorifying the occupation regime in Latvia.

Today you can see a plane, as well as get an idea of a village built for Soviet military personnel.

The Aviation Museum “Sky Zoo” is located in Smārde parish, Tukums municipality, in the territory of Jūrmala Airport that was once the Tukums Military Airfield. The exhibit includes aircrafts YAK-40, AN-2, SU22M4, PZL TS-11 Iskra and a helicopter MI-24. Tour of the airfield includes hangars, caponiers and engineering equipment. The airfield was used by both the German and Soviet armies. During the Soviet occupation it was one of the most important military airfields in the territory of Latvia. The fighters stationed there were intended to attack enemy ships and bomb coastal fortifications. On the night of 9 November 1975, a battle alarm was received at the Tukums airfield – there was enemy warship in the territorial waters of the Soviet Union (in the Gulf of Riga), and it had to be destroyed. Several planes took off from Tukums. However, it turned out that it was the Soviet naval warship ‘Storozhevoi’ (Guardian) on which an armed mutiny against the existing Soviet regime took place. When the planes reached the warship, the battle was still ongoing. Later the rebel leader Valery Sablin, a Soviet naval officer, was wounded and the mutiny ended. He was sentenced to death for treason. This was one of the most dramatic events showing the discontent with the regime and marking the approach of its collapse.

Located in the territory of Vecgulbene manor - in the historical center.

In the interwar period, the garrison of the Latvian Army was located in Gulbene, where the 7th Sigulda Infantry Regiment Battalion was stationed. Aerodromes are especially important in places where important railway and road junctions have been established. In 1937, a newly established unit of the Aviation Regiment was stationed in Gulbene, which became the 6th Division of the Latgale Division Scouts, increasing the number of army units near the eastern border of Latvia.

The conservatory building is visible.

Vaiņode airfield still has 16 Soviet-era aircraft hangars and an 1800 m section of the once 2500 m long runway. The airfield can only be visited with a previous booking. Vaiņode airfield was established during the Latvian independence as one of the cradles of Latvian aviation and was later one of the largest military airfields in the Baltic States. In 1916, two hangars for German Army airships were built. Airships were used to gather intelligence and bomb the positions of the Russian Army. Later the city of Riga bought the airship hangars and used their roof structures to build the pavilions of the Riga Central Market. In May 1940, the 31st Fast Bomber Aviation Regiment of the Red Army moved to Vaiņode, and the construction of a standardized concrete slab runway began. At the end of the summer of 1944 the partially completed airfield was used by various German aviation units, however, at the end of World War II, the same airfield was used by the Red Army aviation units fighting the German Army group called ‘Kurzeme’. After World War II the Soviet Air Forces were stationed in Vaiņode until 1992.

The museum exposition (the only museum dedicated to the Kurzeme fortress) tells richly and engagingly about the course of warfare in the Kurzeme fortress and the future fates of Latvian soldiers. On the other hand, in the open-air exhibition, you can walk around and see the restored wartime trenches, bunkers and heavy military equipment.

Working hours:

Monday - Tuesday - closed

Wednesday - Saturday - 10:00 - 17:00

Sunday - 10:00 - 15:00

It is advisable to contact in advance by phone 29442311.

It is located in the southeast of Riga, in Rumbula, between Maskavas Street and the Daugava River.

In Rumbula there was an air base of the Soviet Army Air Force and a civilian airport next to Riga's main airport in Spilvė. Both airports existed until the opening of the "Riga" airport. Before the Second World War and the occupation of Latvia, the airfield of the Aviation Regiment of the Latvian Army was located in Rumbula.

After World War 2, the Soviet Union began producing jet-powered aircraft, which required longer and smoother runways. Old airfields were expanded and new airfields were built. The changeable weather conditions of the Baltic and the short flight time of the first jet planes were the reason to build many reserve airfields. The noise of the jet planes caused dissatisfaction among the residents of Riga, because the military airfield was too close to residential areas and could create dangerous situations. In 1973, it was closed and the Lielvārde airfield was built in its place, to which fighter planes were transferred. Shortly before the closure, there was an international scandal. A US Air Force officer who was one of the military attachés in Moscow was beaten there. He was allegedly attacked by 14 - 20 airport employees, who suspected that the airport was being photographed.

Today, you can see the abandoned airfield area.

Zvārde landfill is located in Zvārde municipality, Saldus region. It is a former military aviation training ground of the USSR, covering more than 24 000 hectares.

The territory of the former airfield is home to several sites: the Officers' Kurgan, the ruins of the Zvārde and Ķērkliņi churches, the Rīteļi cemetery, the former army base "Lapsas", and others. Until the Second World War, the site of the observation tower was home to the "Vairogi" house. During the construction of the polygon, what was left of the farm - walls, the remains of the apple orchard, and part of the ruins of the Veczvārde manor - was piled together to form a mound and the observation tower was built on it. It was used as an observation point for coordinating the army's training manoeuvres. This place is popularly known as Kurgan. The mound overlooks the former training ground and the wooded areas of Zvārde Nature Park and Nature Reserve. A good place for bird watching. The surroundings of Kurgāns are not landscaped.

The ruins of the Ķerkliņu Church are located about 5 kilometres north-west of Kokmuiža, near the Ķerkliņu Lake. The church was built in 1641 by Heinrich von Dönhoff (Derkarth), the owner of the Ķerkliņi manor. The original wooden church was replaced by a stone building, under which tombs were built for the dead of the Dönhof and later Kleist families. The tombs were already destroyed during the 1905 riots, but in 1949 the coffins were moved from the tombs to the church. The church was an example of the Kurzeme Baroque style - its carvings were made by the Kuldīga - Liepāja woodcarvers. Although the owners of the manor and the church were at various times plagued by financial problems, the church underwent several reconstructions during its existence. It also suffered during the First World War, after which the parish rebuilt the stonework in 1929 and added an organ in 1934. Unfortunately, the church was damaged during the Second World War and much of it was lost, so it is to be commended that before the church was rebuilt in 1933, many unique pieces of Baroque sculpture were photographed, inventoried and even ended up in the archives of the Monuments Board. With the establishment of the landfill and the eviction of the inhabitants, the church was never restored. Today, the church walls and tower are visible.

The landfill's service base is located approximately 2 kilometres east of Striķu Manor, on the Saldus-Auce road. The former Soviet Military Aviation Target Range (military unit No 15439) in Zvārde is located south of Saldus. The territory of the airfield is home to several sights - the ruins of Zvārde and Ķerkliņi churches, the ruined Rīteļi cemetery, the observation post of the airfield, the so-called "Officers' Kurgan" and the former airfield personnel base and shooting range "Lapsas".

The Zvārde air target range required a unit of approximately one company to service the air target range - to install targets, repair damage, guard the air target range and coordinate air flights. It was based on the site of the house called "Lapsas" until the Second World War. With the construction of the airfield, barracks, transport sheds, a flight control tower and a firing range for training personnel were built.

After Latvia regained its independence, the Zvārde Defence Forces Training Centre operated here, but since 2007 the site has been owned by the municipality and leased by several hunting collectives. The former barracks house an exhibition on the history of Zvārde parish.

The "Officers' Kurgan" is located less than a kilometre from the ruins of Zvārde Church. The Kurgan is made of the ruins and remains of the surrounding houses and manor house, which have been bulldozed together. An observation tower was built on the kurgan. According to the inscription, the present tower was built in 1981. The tower was used to record bomb hits. The training bombs had a reduced explosive content, so their hits had to be watched more carefully. Unexploded bombs were neutralized immediately, but not all could be found.

 The remains of the tower can be seen here today - the brick walls. As the barrage is relatively high, you can even see the Lithuanian oil refinery in Mažeikiai on a clear day.

Located in Valka parish, driving on the road Valka - Rūjiena (P22) 4 kilometers, to the right, following the signs.

Pēteris Radziņš was born on May 2, 1880 in Lugavis Parish, Jaunvīndedze. Studied at Lugaži Parish School, Valka City School and Valka Nelson Real School. Joined the Russian army as a volunteer. In the autumn of 1919, he returned to Latvia and on October 27 was appointed Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, assuming this position at a time when the Bermontians were threatening Riga. As the chief of staff, he has led all the battles of Riga, Zemgale and Latgale. Promoted to General on February 5, 1920.

Today, a memorial stone dedicated to General Pēteris Radziņš (1880 - 1930) can be seen near the family house.

On November 11, 2017, a memorial plaque to Pēteris Radziņš was unveiled in Riga, at the corner of the Daugava gate.

Video: Memorial event of General P. Radziņš in Riga Brothers Cemetery in 2019

Video: On May 2, 2019, on the 139th birthday of General Pēteris Radziņš, a commemoration event took place on the embankment of November 11, near the Presidential Palace, covering the memorial plaque to the guard of honor and those interested.

The exposition of Valka Local History Museum “Valka - the cradle of Latvia's independence” also reflects the life and work of General Pēteris Radziņš.
In addition to the traditional ways of displaying the collection, the exhibition uses interactive multimedia solutions. Information and annotations translated into Estonian and English.

Located in the center of Riga, opposite the Riga International Bus Station, near the Riga Railway Passenger Station.

Riga Central Market is the largest market in Latvia, which was once recognized as the best and most modern market in Europe. Its bright symbol is the 20th century. Market pavilions built in the 1920s and originally used for military purposes.

During World War I, the German army established Vaiņode Airport in Kurzeme, where several airships were permanently located. These were elongated-shaped balloons filled with gas and enclosed to carry passengers and cargo. Control was provided by an internal combustion or electric motor and a wing in the housing. The airships were intended for reconnaissance or for bombing an enemy, for example, by attacking a Russian army seaplane airfield on the island of Roņi. The hangars are known to be called Walhalla and Walther.

After the Latvian War of Independence, the hangars were dismantled and used to build the hangars of the Riga Central Market, planning to leave them in their original size. It was later decided to use only the upper parts of the hangars.

Today you can see the metal structures of the German army airship hangar. The market provides a pleasant way to learn about the origins of world aviation. Tour application: +37167358157; gints.aksiks@rct.lv.

After the airfield was established in this area in 1953 at the request of the USSR Ministry of Defence, the Zvārde Church, the Ķerkliņi Church and the Rīteļi Cemetery were actually located in the centre of the airfield - next to an artificial airfield with access roads and defence positions, which was used as a target by Soviet pilots. Planes flew here from airfields in Latvia and elsewhere in the Soviet Union. In less than 40 years, the church, the cemetery, the former manor house and dozens of surrounding buildings were reduced to ruins. Today, the site is cared for by the Saldus Martin Luther Church. The surrounding area is still contaminated with unexploded ordnance and it can be dangerous to walk off the roads.

Barbarism reached its peak in 1988, when the Rīteļi cemetery with its graves and monuments was bulldozed.

On 21 July 1990, in one of the first actions in which the Latvian population demanded that the USSR army leave the territory of Zvārde, a protest rally was held in Saldus, after which people went to the Rīteļi cemetery. The rally participants were allowed into the landfill site, and they cleaned up the cemetery a bit and dug white crosses.

The landfill continued to be used until 1992 and even as late as March 1992 a plane taking off from Lielvārde crashed in the landfill for unknown reasons. The Latvian Defence Forces started demining the site in May 1993, after the withdrawal of the Russian army.  In 2008, Zvārde residents installed a memorial stone "Forgive us for not saving you" in the Rīteļi cemetery.

Ekspozicija „Jazepas Baško – vežėjas oru“ skirta lakūnui, eska drilės „Iļja Muromec“ vadui ir Latvijos karinių oro pajėgų orga nizatoriui, generolui Jazepo Baško, minint jo 125-ąsias gimimo metines bei Pirmojo pasaulinio karo 100-metį. Muziejaus fonduose saugoma ekspozicija – tai ir dizaino objektas: šešis kartus sumažintas lėktuvo „Ilja Muromec“ ma ketas, su kuriuo pateikiama informacija tekstų ir vaizdų pavi dalu. Paroda papildyta Latvijos karo muziejaus eksponatais ir nauja archyvine medžiaga, gauta iš Latvijos valstybinio istorijos archyvo, Spilvės aviacijos muziejaus ir privačių asme nų archyvų. Jazepas Baško pelnytai laikomas vienu labiausiai apdovano tų latvių lakūnų ir vienu iš pasaulinės aviacijos pradininkų.

Su lėktuvu „Ilja Muromec“ jis pasiekė keturis pasaulio aviacijos rekordus, o jo pavardė įrašyta į Louis Blériot Garbės knygą Paryžiuje – geriausių pasaulio lakūnų sąrašą. Jazepas Baško buvo apdovanotas visais tuometės carinės Rusijos ordinais, taip pat Latvijoje – Trijų žvaigždžių 3-iojo laips nio ordinu, Viesturo 2-ojo laipsnio ordinu, Gynėjų nuopelnų kryžiumi bei aukščiausiais Čekoslovakijos, Estijos, Suomijos ir Lenkijos apdovanojimais. Jis tarnavo carinės Rusijos kariuomenėje, bolševikų Raudo nojoje armijoje, o nuo 1921 m. – Latvijos kariuomenėje. Po Latvijos okupacijos buvo atleistas iš tarnybos

Šiaulių miesto dalyje, vadinamoje Zokniais, nuo tarpukario laikų veikė aerodromas, vėliau tapęs oro uostu.

1931 m. Zokniuose nuspręsta įkurti aerodromą, lygūs laukai ir žvyruotas gruntas puikiai tiko lėktuvams. Birželio 1 d. iš Kauno į Zoknius perkelta 3-oji ir 4-oji žvalgybos eskadrilės, kurioms priklausė lėktuvai LVG C.VI ir Albatros C.XV. Buvo pastatyti angarai, štabo pastatas ir kareivinės, o pirmuoju bazės viršininku tapo majoras Leonardas Peseckas.

Augant Lietuvos karo aviacijos pajėgumams, Zoknių aerodromas plėtėsi: čia buvo pastatyti nauji angarai, lėktuvų remonto dirbtuvės, įkurtas poligonas bombų mėtymui netoli Šilėnų. 1937 m. į Zoknius buvo perkelta 5-oji eskadrilė su naikintuvais „Letov Š-20“ ir FIAT C.R.20, o 1938 m. šiuos senus naikintuvus pakeitė modernūs Gloster Gladiator, pasižymėję puikiais rezultatais Suomijos–SSRS (Žiemos) kare.

1936 m., vykdant S. Raštikio kariuomenės reformas, karo aviacija buvo decentralizuota, o Zoknių aerodromas tapo viena iš pagrindinių šalies karinių bazių. Karo aviacijos pajėgos čia plėtėsi, įsteigtos aviacinės dirbtuvės, kurios prisidėjo prie lėktuvų priežiūros ir remonto, o vėliau jose dirbo žymūs konstruktoriai, kaip Bronius Oškinis. Zoknių aerodromas tapo strateginiu tašku, kurio svarba augo dėl šalia esančių branduolinių ginklų dislokacijos sovietmečiu.

2005 m., reikalaujant miesto verslininkams, buvo įsteigta Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės įmonė „Šiaulių oro uostas“. Lietuvai tapus NATO nare prasidėjo ir aerodromo pakilimo takų remontas: 2005 m. atlikta atsarginio kilimo ir tūpimo tako rekonstrukcija. Lėšas skyrė NATO.

Pagrindinio kilimo ir tūpimo tako rekonstrukcija oficialiai baigta 2006 m. spalio 26 d. iškilmingu tako atidarymu. Rekonstruoto aerodromo apskraidymą ir sertifikavimą atlikę specialistai pripažino jį geriausiu visoje Rytų Europoje.