Latvijos laikinoji nacionalinė taryba (LPNP)
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Latvijos laikinoji tautinė taryba (LPNP) – Latvijos politinė atstovaujamoji organizacija, įkurta 1917 m. lapkritį Valkoje (angl. Latvian Provisional National Council, German Lettlands Vorläufiger Nationaler Rat, Russian Латышский временный национальный совет).

LPNP delegavo Latvijos politinės partijos ir visuomeninės organizacijos. Ši organizacija tarptautiniu mastu gynė latvių tautos apsisprendimo teises iki Latvijos liaudies tarybos posėdžio (1918 11 17). LPNP tikslas buvo pasisakyti už Latvijos tautą, susivienijusią į vientisą ir etnografinę teritoriją, atstovauti jos interesams kitoje taikos konferencijoje, užtikrinti Konstitucinės asamblėjos sušaukimą. Jos uždaviniai – sušaukti Latvijos Konstitucinę Asamblėją, kuri spręstų dėl Latvijos vidaus sistemos ir „užsienio santykių“; užtikrinti išsklaidytų žmonių grįžimą į tėvynę; protestuoti prieš bet kokį Latvijos prijungimą prie Vokietijos; reikalauti Latgalos atskyrimo nuo Vitebsko gubernijos ir prijungimo prie Latvijos.

1917 m. lapkričio 17 d. (vietos laiku) Valkoje LPNP įkūrė 29 delegatai iš 13 pilietinių partijų ir organizacijų. Įsteigus prasidėjo LPNP I sesija, trukusi iki 1917 m. gruodžio 19 d. Priimta keletas nutarimų ir deklaracijų, iš kurių svarbiausia – deklaracija „Užsienio šalims ir tautoms“: „Latvija, kuriai priklauso Vidžemė, Kuržemė ir Latgala, yra autonominis valstybės vienetas, kurio santykio su išoriniu pasauliu ryšis, besąmonės, yra. žmonių plebiscitas“.

19.11.(j.st.02.12).1917 m. išrinkta LPNP valdyba. Pirmininku išrinktas advokatas Voldemaras Zamuelis, bendrapirmininkais – advokatas Kārlis Pauļuks, antrasis leitenantas Jānis Rubulis ir karys Jānis Palcmanis; sekretoriumi – notaras Kristaps Bahmanis, sekretoriais – rašytojai Kārlis Skalbis ir Jānis Akuraters; kaip iždininkas – kooperatorius Vili Siliņš, kaip iždininko padėjėjas – komercijos inžinierius Eduards Laursons.

25.11 (j.st. 08.12.) 1917. LPNP išleido šūkį „Visiems latviams!“, kuris buvo išplatintas 30 tūkst. egzempliorių ne vokiečių okupuotoje Latvijos dalyje ir Latvijos pabėgėlių centruose Rusijoje. LPNP kreipimesi informavo apie savo įkūrimą ir paragino latvius pasinaudoti savo apsisprendimo teise. 1917 12 19. (JST 1918 01 01) Bolševikai uždraudė LPNP veiklą ir jos valdyba toliau veikė nelegaliai. Organizacijos Užsienio reikalų skyrius veikė Petrograde, kur 28-30 d. 1918-01-01. Susirinko 2-oji LPNP sesija, kuri savo priimtoje deklaracijoje pirmą kartą iškėlė tikslą, kad „Latvija būtų nepriklausoma demokratinė respublika, vienijanti Kuržemę, Vidžemę ir Latgalą“.

1918 metų spalį tarp LPNP ir Vokietijos okupuotoje Rygoje įkurto Demokratinio bloko prasidėjo diskusijos dėl Latvijos ikiparlamento įsteigimo. 1918 metų lapkričio 17 dieną įvyko paskutinis LPNP valdybos posėdis, kuriame buvo nuspręsta nedaryti kliūčių Latvijos liaudies tarybai, kuri lapkričio 18 dieną paskelbs Latvijos Respubliką, steigimui. Taigi LPNP nustojo egzistuoti.

Daugiau informacijos šaltinių

Janis Tomaševskis. Nepriklausomybės šnabždesiai: Latvijos laikinosios nacionalinės tarybos istorija, Ryga, Jumava, 2017; Janis Tomaševskis. Latvijos laikinoji nacionalinė taryba. Nacionalinė enciklopedija. https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/27579-Latvie%C5%A1u-pagaidu-nacion%C4%81l%C4%81-padome

Susijusios vietos

Exhibition “Valka – the cradle of Latvia’s independence”

The Valka Local History Museum is located in Valka, on the right side of Rīgas street, in the historical building of the Vidzeme Parish School Teacher Training Seminary. From 1853 to 1890, the building was home to the Vidzeme Parish School Teacher Training Seminary. Until 1881, it was led by Jānis Cimze, a teacher and founder of Latvian choir culture. After the School Teacher Training Seminary was closed, the building served various educational, cultural and household needs for 80 years. The building has been home to the Valka Local History Museum since 1970. The museum’s permanent exhibit – ‘Valka, the Cradle of Latvia’s Independence’ – has been set up as a story about social and political events in Valka from 1914 to 1920 when Latvia became an independent state. The exhibit reflects the preparation leading up to the establishment of the Latvian state and the formation of the North Latvian Brigade in Valka. Through four senses, namely, the Road, the Council, the Headquarters and the Home, the exhibit focuses on topics related to the city of Valka, refugees, the founding of the Latvian Farmers’ Union (1917), the 

Latvian Provisional National Council (1917), the Latvian Provisional National Theatre (1918), the Provisional Government of Soviet Latvia known as the Iskolat, the North Latvian Brigade (1919) and General Pēteris Radziņš. In addition to the traditional ways of showcasing collections, the exhibit makes use of interactive multimedia solutions.

Monument "Dedication to the Latvian Provisional National Council"

The monument “Dedication to the Latvian Provisional National Council” is located at the intersection of Rīgas and Raina streets in Valka (address 9A Raina Street).

The monument was unveiled on December 2, 2017 within the framework of the Latvian Centennial Program, in honor of the meeting of the Latvian Provisional National Council in 1917.

The author of the idea of the ensemble is the sculptor Arta Dumpe, the stonemason - Ivars Feldbergs, the architectural planning was performed by SIA "Arhitektu birojs Vecumnieks & Bērziņi".

The base of the monument is formed by a large millstone - as a circle of life, time and events. The names of the members of the LPNP board are engraved on the side. Three counties with their historical coats of arms wind from the millstone as roads of destiny in the sky. Vidzeme, Kurzeme and Latgale. The composition concludes with the star of Bethlehem, which transforms into the sun of the new Latvian state. The Latvian poet, prose writer and politician Kārlis Skalbe / 1879-1945 / has written: "Latvia has also had its own Bethlehem, the little poor Valka ...".

The monument to the Latvian Provisional National Council is the return of a kind of debt to the people who, in 1917, risking their lives in Valka, laid the foundations for the Latvian state in an ideally managed, virtually impossible situation.

At that time, Valka was the city with the largest population of Latvians in the unoccupied territory of Germany. After the fall of Riga, it became the center of Latvian social, political and cultural life. Those who were united by the desire to exercise the right of self-determination of the Latvian nation gathered here. From November 29 to December 2, 1917 (according to the new style) the 1st session of the Latvian Provisional National Council took place in Valka City Hall (now the building in Valga Kesk Street No. 11), which was attended by representatives of almost all the most influential Latvian public organizations and political parties. . For the first time, they officially declared the goal of their activity - the establishment of an independent national state, adopted a declaration on the establishment of a united and autonomous Latvia in the Latvian districts of Vidzeme, Kurzeme and Latgale.

Berth of the ship "Saratov" in Liepaja

The berth of the "Saratov" is located in Liepaja, at 59 Old Harbour, near the boat docks. 

Built in 1888 in Copenhagen by the shipyard Buvmeistar & Wain under the name "Leopold II", in 1911 it was bought by the joint-stock company Russian North-West Shipping and renamed "Saratov", with the Latvian Aleksandrs Remess becoming the ship's captain.

In May 1915, when Liepaja was occupied by German troops, the Saratov was in a damaged state in the harbour.

On 10 January 1919, the steamship Saratov was taken over by the Latvian Provisional Government. From April to July 1919, after the "16 April coup d'état", the Provisional Government headed by K. Ulmanis was on board the Saratov and was forced to take refuge under the protection of the Allied fleet.

On 8 July 1919, after the delivery of the Provisional Government of K. Ulmanis to Riga, the steamers were used for traffic between Riga, Ventspils and Liepaja.

Under the terms of the Peace Treaty of 11 August 1920 between Latvia and Soviet Russia, the steamship Saratov had to be returned to the Soviet side. On 2 January 1923, the steamship was handed over to a Soviet Russian representative. On 15 January 1923, the steamship "Saratov" was wrecked off Akmenrags.

In 1936 the Latvian Maritime Department sold the wreck to a company, which scrapped it and handed it over to the Liepaja Cloth Factory.

Rubenis' battalion museum

Rubenis’ Battalion Museum is located in Ugāle. It is dedicated to the Battalion of R. Rubenis, who served and fought under General J. Kurelis in Kurzeme in 1944, the activities of the Kurelians and the national resistance movement. Museum has an exhibit on the activities of the Latvian Central Council (LCC) and its Ventspils group, as well as the LCC Memorandum with 188 signatures and photographs of signatories that is included in the Latvian National Register of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. The LCC was a joint centre of Latvia's highest political leadership with an underground government that operated during the occupation of Latvia from 1943 to 1994. It was formed with the aim of coordinating the activities of various Latvian resistance movements in order to restore Latvia's national independence. The museum also offers a trip to places significant to the history of the battalion (settlement with a reconstructed bunker in the Usma parish, battlefields in Renda and Zlēkas parishes, etc.).

Susijusi istorija

1917 m. kovas – svarbus mėnuo Valmieros ir Latvijos istorijoje

1917 metų kovą, likus daugiau nei metams iki Latvijos valstybės paskelbimo, Valmieroje buvo įkurta Vidžemės laikinoji žemės taryba, kuri priėmė nutarimą dėl Latvijos autonomijos ir apsisprendimo teisių. Tarybos įkūrimo dieną posėdžio vietoje pirmą kartą buvo iškelta raudona, balta ir raudona vėliava.

Memories of Artūrs Ozols about the ship "Saratov"

Artūrs Ozols graduated from Riga Polytechnic and served as a naval officer (midshipman) and engineer in the Russian Black Sea Fleet aboard the warship Panteleimon. During the Latvian Liberation Struggle, he joined the Student Company. In Liepaja he put the ship "Saratov" into service. Arthurs Ozols' memoirs about the ship "Saratov" were published in the Dauagava Vanagi monthly

From Adolf Ers' book "Vidzeme in the Freedom Fights" about the life of refugees in Valka

From the time of the refugees, Valka agreed to play a more important role than other cities in Vidzeme, because the politically active newspaper Līdums was located here, where Latvia's spiritual and political weapons were minted, and also because there was a crossroads where roads from three On the Latvian side: from Riga, Alūksne, Mozekile, and also from Estonia and Russia, she had links with refugees everywhere - in Tartu, Pliskava, Moscow and St. Petersburg. There was a large refugee center here.

Kyšulys ir laivas "Saratov"

Galima daryti prielaidą, kad Liepoja trumpą laiką buvo Latvijos sostinė, nes Laisvės kovų metu Laikinoji vyriausybė stovėjo laive Saratov būtent šiame mieste. Laikinąją vyriausybę po išvadavimo Saratovas nugabeno į Rygą, tačiau daug kas nežino, kad tokio mums svarbaus laivo istorija baigėsi jūroje ties Akmenrage.

Akmenrago švyturys ir seklumas – vienos didžiausių laivų kapinių Baltijos jūroje

Būtent Akmensrago švyturio apylinkėse 1923 m. sausio 13 d. ant seklumos tragiškai užplaukė ir sudužo garlaivis Saratov , prie kurio prisiglaudė K. Ulmanio vadovaujama laikinoji vyriausybė, kuriant nepriklausomą Latvijos valstybę.