Creation of defensive positions.
Die Beschreibung befasst sich mit den Problemen der Schlachtfeldbefestigung im Allgemeinen. Es basiert auf den Erfahrungen des Ersten Weltkriegs und der Situation, in der umfangreiche Arbeiten an den Befestigungsanlagen organisiert werden müssen.
"(..) In dieser Kriegszeit muss ein Soldat eine Schaufel wie ein Gewehr handhaben können. Wenn ein Soldat erfolgreich ist, muss trotz der Ermüdung sofort mit einer Schaufel gehärtet werden. Im Feldkrieg muss jeder Teil des Heeres in der Lage sein, Ausgrabungen selbst zu bauen, weshalb es notwendig ist, die Prinzipien der Befestigung und Ausgrabung sowie die Arbeitsorganisation zu kennen. (..)“
"(..) Alle ausländischen Armeen in jedem Infanterieregiment haben Pionier- oder Pionierteams oder Orden. Um Infanterie-Pioniere von technischen Truppen-Pionieren zu unterscheiden, bezeichnen einige Länder Infanterie-Pioniere als Pioniere, wie wir sie nennen werden. Die Aufgabe der Pioniere in der Infanterie besteht darin, Aufgaben zu erfüllen, die die Infanterie aus irgendeinem Grund nicht ausführen kann, wie z Bataillons, geben ihre Einschätzung ab und legen dem Regiments- oder Bataillonskommandanten einen Bau- und Arbeitsplan vor. Pionieroffiziere können auch eingesetzt werden, um die Befestigungsarbeiten zu überwachen und Rügen zu erteilen, Werkzeuge und zu transportierende Materialien zu verteilen. Pionieroffiziere dürfen jedoch die Infanterie nicht stören oder stören. Streitigkeiten werden immer vom Kommandanten des Regiments oder Bataillons beigelegt. In allen großen Ländern gibt es in jeder Division ein Pionier- oder Ingenieurbataillon, bestehend aus 2-3 Pionierschmuck und einem Ingenieurpark. In kleineren Ländern, die nicht so reich sind und sich die Anschaffung vieler technischer Geräte nicht leisten können, gibt es in jeder Division einen Park von Pionieren und Ingenieuren. Sapier werden in verschiedene Spezialgebiete unterteilt, wie Bomber, Zimmerleute, Bergleute, Pontons, Tarnung usw. Sapier müssen die Infanterie im Kampf um befestigte Stellungen, Aufklärung, Überwindung von Hindernissen und Aufprall unterstützen. Sapper erhält Befehle von Infanterie-Vorgesetzten. Sapier stimmen mit den schwierigsten technischen Arbeiten überein, die Infanterie nicht ausführen kann, wie z in Friedenszeiten vorbereitet werden, die in kurzer Zeit eingebaut und mit schweren Lasten überlastet werden können. (..)“
Beschreibung der Ausrüstung. Nr. 3. 1927. Befestigung des Schlachtfeldes.
Zugehörige Zeitleiste
Связанные объекты
The Christmas Battle museum and outdoor exhibition
The Christmas Battle Memorial Park and Museum is located in Jelgava municipality, Valgunde parish, in the Mangaļi homestead. This museum is a branch of the Latvian War Museum. It was opened in 2005 and is located in the area where Christmas Battles took place. Unique World War I fortifications still remain in locations where battles took place. The indoor exhibit contains objects found in the battlefield. The open-air exposition has reconstructed fortifications. There are tourist routes and informative trails in the vicinity of the museum. The open-air exposition of World War I fortifications and indoor exhibits are available to visitors every day. Unique evidence of World War I fortifications can still be found in the vicinity of Ložmetējkalns. There is a 27 m tall observation tower that provides a panoramic view of the area where the Christmas Battle took place. The Christmas Battle is probably the best known and most dramatic event of World War I in Latvia. It has a special place in Latvia’s military and cultural history. This engagement is mainly associated with the attack of Latvian Riflemen on the German Army units in extremely harsh and unfavourable conditions. And it was also a unique situation where a large-scale combat operation was started without artillery support.
Christmas battles memorial at Antinu Brethren Cemetery
Located in Babīte district, on the side of the road near the former Antiņi house and the old medicine warehouse.
The cemetery of Antiņi or Tīreļi soldiers was established during the First World War. The defense positions of the army of the Russian Empire were located in the area. In 1917, during the Christmas battles, the headquarters of the 5th Zemgale Latvian Rifle Regiment and an infirmary with a medicine warehouse were located nearby.
In the night of January 5, 1917, in the light of eight huge bonfires, 105 fighters of the 5th Zemgale Latvian Rifle Regiment were buried in military honor. They fell in battle against the German army or died from injuries. The funeral ceremony was led by Regiment Commander Jukums Vācietis. In later years, soldiers from other units of the Russian army were also buried in the cemetery. In 1925, a monument to the architect Eizen Laube was unveiled in the cemetery, and the territory was landscaped. Information about the 3,800 soldiers buried in the cemetery can be found in many places, but it must be assessed as unlikely and unverified.
Latvian riflemen positions and trenches in Tīreļi
Latvian Riflemen dugouts and trenches in Tīreļi are located in Babīte parish, Mārupe municipality, in the vicinity of the Antiņi Latvian Riflemen Cemetery and the former medicine warehouse. During World War I this was the defensive position of Latvian Riflemen of the Russian Imperial Army. A complex of trenches and surface dugouts was built in the sandy hills. Trench or positional warfare is the best way to accurately describe World War I and emphasise the importance of fortifications. They were based on the research of military engineers and adapted to the environment and the development of new weapons. The everyday life of a soldier is a continuous improvement of defensive fortifications. Sometimes soldiers would give the dugouts names that reminded them of their homes and would help to forget about the reality of the war. Trench lines were complex defensive systems that were hard for the enemy to take. With the development of weapons these defences became even more sophisticated. The roofs of dugouts were reinforced to withstand artillery shells. Trenches were made in changing patterns and directions so that explosions would cause as little damage as possible. Movement passages had pockets that were used as short-term hiding spots during artillery fire, because they protected soldiers from shrapnel and rubble. Today part of the fortification has been restored and you can visit 3 restored dugouts and a 100 m long section of the trenches.
Machine Gun Hill
Located in Jelgava region, near the A9 motorway.
Ložmetējkalns is a place of World War I fighting, which is the only cultural and historical reserve of national significance in Latvia. It is located on the Long Dune, which is part of the Nordeķi - Kalnciems dune ridge. The name of the machine gun hill originated at a time when there were hard-to-occupy fortifications of the German army, which were defended by a strong machine gun fire.
Christmas battles are probably the best known and most dramatic event of World War I in the history of Latvia. It occupies a special place in the military and cultural history of Latvia. In 1917, the Latvian Rifle and Siberian units of the Russian army attacked Ložmetējkalns and occupied it. At least 600 opponents were captured, as well as valuable trophies, such as 19 machine guns. This was the most significant success of the Christmas battles and the greatest gain that the Russian troops had achieved on the Riga front. Latvian riflemen believed that they deserved the honor of the conquerors of the highlands.
Today, there is a lookout tower with views of former battles. Memorials and wartime evidence can be seen in the area. The Silenieki Brothers Cemetery is nearby.
WWI Historical Exploration Route and dugout
Located in Olaine, near the Olaine Museum of History and Art.
The historical route was established in 2018 at the site of the fortifications of the Russian army during World War I, which were part of the defense system of the area. The fighting between the German and Russian armies in the Olaine area attracts attention for several reasons. The marshy terrain prevented the warring parties from making rapid progress and required a variety of skills from the soldiers to operate in adverse conditions. Accurate terrain analysis, reconnaissance, and fortifications or engineering structures played an important role in the war.
Nowadays, the cognitive route is freely available and gives a rough idea of the living conditions of soldiers. The renovated buildings are closed, but can be seen by contacting the specialists of the Olaine History and Art Museum in advance.
Geschichts- und Kunstmuseum Olaine und Erster-Weltkrieg-Lehrpfad mit Unterstand
Die Ausstellung des Museums für Geschichte und Kunst Olaine ist der Zeit unter sowjetischer Besatzung in Olaine gewidmet. Auf dem Museumsgelände wurde ein Lehrpfad zum Thema Erster Weltkrieg mit rekonstruierten Abschnitten der Befestigungsanlagen angelegt. An der Verteidigungslinie der russischen Armee aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde ein Unterstand nachgebaut. Auch das Fragment eines Geschützturms ist hier zu sehen. In Jaunolaine, am Abzweig nach Plakanciems, ist noch eine aus Stahlbeton errichtete Befestigungsstellung aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg zu sehen. Die hiesige Umgebung war im Ersten Weltkrieg Schauplatz von Kämpfen zwischen russischen und deutschen Truppen. Lettische Schützeneinheiten waren an Aufklärungs- und anderen Operationen beteiligt. Das moorige Gelände war schwer zu verteidigen. Olaine bildet eine wichtige militärhistorische Stätte in der lettischen Geschichte. Der Ort entstand dank seiner günstigen Lage am Postweg zwischen Jelgava und Riga und hat seine Ursprünge an der Stelle des heutigen Jaunolaine. Ganz in der Nähe lag das Landgut Olei. Das heutige Olaine entstand in der Zeit der sowjetischen Besatzung, als hier verschiedene Industrieunternehmen entstanden.
