Genocide II WW2, IV Soviet Occupation

Genocidas (iš senovės graikų kalbos žodžio „genos“ – rasė ar gentis, o lotyniškai „cide“ – žudymas) yra veiksmas, kuriuo siekiama visiškai ar iš dalies sunaikinti tautinę, etninę, rasinę ar religinę grupę kaip tokią: žudant šios grupės narius, juos fiziškai suluošinant ar psichiškai traumuojant, sąmoningai sukuriant tokiai grupei gyvenimo sąlygas, tyčia apriboti jos gimstamumą arba iš dalies apskaičiuojant tyčia Vienos grupės vaikų perkėlimas gyventi į kitą grupę. Genocidas apima ir fizinį aspektą – konkrečių veiksmų, tokių kaip konkrečios žmonių grupės narių žudymas, sąrašą, ir psichologinį aspektą: šie veiksmai atliekami turint konkretų tikslą visiškai arba iš dalies sunaikinti tautinę, etninę, rasinę ar religinę grupę „kaip tokią“.

Be to, 1948 metų konvencija numato, kad, be faktinio genocido vykdymo, baudžiamas ir baudžiamas sąmokslas (slaptas ar atviras susitarimas), kuriuo siekiama organizuoti genocidą, atviras ir viešas kurstymas vykdyti genocidą, pasikėsinimas vykdyti genocidą, dalyvavimas genocide.

Masinis latvių naikinimas Sovietų Sąjungoje 1937-1938 m. Taip pat žinomas kaip genocidas arba etnocidas, tai buvo platesnio politiškai motyvuoto etnocido prieš kelias tautines mažumas, gyvenusias SSRS Didžiojo teroro metu, dalis. SSRS vidaus reikalų liaudies komisariato (NKVD) įsakymu, „siekiant likviduoti Latvijos žvalgybos darbą ir sunaikinti latvių nacionalistinę, antisovietinę veiklą SSRS teritorijoje“, buvo suimta daugiau nei 22 tūkst. latvių, žinoma, kad 16 573 iš jų buvo sušaudyti ir slapta palaidoti Kurka, Buttupavo, masinėse Komvovaresto ir kitose vietose. Kaime buvo likviduotos 372 latvių kolonijos ir kolūkiai, tarp kurių buvo apie 12 000 latvių ūkių. Tikslus aukų skaičius nežinomas, nes šis nusikaltimas nebuvo teisiškai ištirtas, o kaltininkai nepatraukti atsakomybėn.

1998 m. birželio 17 d. Latvijos Respublikos Saeima nusprendė totalitarinio komunistinio režimo genocido prieš Latvijos tautą aukų atminimo dieną paminėti kiekvienų metų pirmąjį gruodžio sekmadienį. Latvijoje taip pat minimos dvi komunistinio genocido aukų atminimo dienos kovo 25 ir birželio 14 d., skirtos 1949 m. kovo ir 1941 m. birželio trėmimų aukų atminimui. Tuo tarpu liepos 4-ąją minima Žydų genocido aukų atminimo diena.

More information sources

Genocido. Vikipedija. https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide

Totalitarinių okupacinių režimų represijos prieš Latvijos gyventojus. 1940-1953 m. Latvijos nacionalinis istorijos muziejus: http://lnvm.lv/?page_id=3976

Totalitariniai okupaciniai režimai Latvijoje 1940-1964 m. Latvijos istorikų komisijos tyrimas. Latvijos istorikų komisijos straipsniai. 13 tomas. Ryga, 2004. https://www.president.lv/storage/kcfinder/files/item_1618_Vesturnieku_komisijas_raksti_13_sejums.pdf

Zugehörige Objekte

Memorial to victims of communist genocide

This memorial is situated in Pilistvere cemetery.

Groundwork for the memorial began in 1988, with 300 people rallying to the cause. The joint effort of volunteers continues to this day, with improvements being made to the memorial each year. The idea for the memorial came from freedom fighter Lagle Parek.

At its centre lies a cairn of rocks brought from places over Estonia, from Siberia and from even further afield by Estonian expats. The cairn is crowned by a large cross. The foot of the cross is a symbolic tomb, to which Estonian people bring rocks to commemorate loved ones deported to Siberia.

The cairn is surrounded by boulders, one for each county, designed by Aate-Heli Õun and set in place in phases.

Near the memorial are memorial stones to the victims of the radiation from Chernobyl, to the Forest Brothers, to those conscripted into the NKVD’s labour columns, to Estonian volunteers in the Finnish army and to freedom fighters. These were all designed by Endel Palmiste.

In addition to the cairn, a grove of more than 2000 memorial trees has been planted near the memorial. The grove was designed by renowned landscape architect Andres Levald.

The historic Pilistvere pastorate, serving as the main building at the memorial site, houses an archive and an Estonian History Museum exhibition about the occupation of Estonia.

Memorial to the victims of holocaust in Liepāja

The largest memorial to Holocaust victims in Latvia is located in Liepāja, in the Šķēde dunes. The memorial is dedicated to the memory of more than 3,000 Liepāja Jews killed during World War II. It is in the form of the Israeli national symbol, a seven-branched candelabra known as the menorah. The contours of the memorial, which are clearly visible from a bird’s eye view, are made of split boulders and granite blocks. The ‘lights’ of the menorah are made of granite pillars with inscriptions of verses from the Lamentations of Jeremiah in Hebrew, English, Latvian and Russian.

Riga Ghetto and Latvian Holocaust Museum

The Riga Ghetto and the Latvian Holocaust Museum is located in Riga close to the Riga Central Market and the Riga Central Station. The museum was opened in 2010 on the site where the city's warehouses once were. It is located in the historical part of the city, next to the border of the former Jewish ghetto. The territory of the ghetto is unique, because in terms of architecture it has not changed since World War II. It is a memorial dedicated to the tragedy suffered by the Jewish people. The German policy regarding the Jewish population in Latvia until the end of 1939 was for the German diplomats and politicians to try and pressure the Latvian government to take action against the Jews by restricting their freedom. After the emigration of the Baltic Germans in 1939, the German embassy no longer had as good an access to information on the mood of the population and the events happening in Latvia as before. When the Red Army occupied Latvia, they manipulated the society to gain some support of the Jewish population for the new occupying power. However, after the regime started a crackdown on the society as a whole, the support fell rapidly. As a result of all this, a deep divide had formed between the people. And later on, the next regime – Germany – tried to exploit it. They hoped that the local population would harass and attack the Jews, but that did not happen. So, Germany adjusted their approach and devised a new plan to initially establish a Jewish ghetto and later destroy its inhabitants.

Salaspils Memorial Ensemble

Salaspils Memorial and historical exhibit is located in Salaspils municipality, 1.2 km from the Riga-Daugavpils A6 highway. The Salaspils Memorial was unveiled in 1967 on the site where during World War II the Salaspils Camp was once located. It is a place that was used for Soviet propaganda and is shrouded in myths and half-truths. It is a good representation of the Nazi crimes and Communist ideology that was carried out during each of the occupations. This repressive camp was a part of the German penitentiary system. It had similarities with concentration camps, but it was not the same thing. It was created so that there would not be a disproportionate number of prisoners in Riga prisons. This camp was an “extension of the police prison”. And a variety of people were imprisoned here – Jews, the Red Army prisoners of war, absentees, political prisoners, criminals, prostitutes, members of the Latvian resistance movement, Baltic soldiers in the German Army or police, and others. The camp could hold up to 2,200 prisoners. The main cause of death (~2000) was malnutrition, working conditions, corporal punishment and illness.

Museum of Melānija Vanaga and Siberian dugout

The Melānija Vanaga Museum is located in the Amata village school in Cēsis municipality. The museum showcases materials about the life, literary activity, family and destiny of writer and cultural historian Melānija Vanaga: video content about Siberia and the deported Latvians living there and a Siberian dugout taking its visitors on a trip to the writer’s place of deportation in Tyukhtetsky district, Krasnoyarsk region. The appearance and layout of the dugout form a realistic idea of life away from home. The dugout features unique historical objects brought there from the Tyukhtet Museum: a birch-bark dish known as ‘tuyesok’, a clay mug known as ‘krynka’ and a kerosene lamp. The museum features video interviews with politically repressed people from the municipality and 18 characters from Melānija Vanaga’s book Suddenly, a Criminal: Sixteen Years in Siberia. The museum’s virtual exhibition ‘BE YOURSELF!’ (http://esipats.lv) shows the experiences of five deported children and their parents who were wrongly accused by the Soviet authorities of ‘betrayal of the motherland’.

Varaklani Jewish Cemetery - a memorial to the victims of German-fascist terror

Varakļāni Jewish Cemetery, at the end of Kapsētas Street.

There are two monuments erected in the Varakļāni Jewish cemetery after the war by surviving relatives and relatives.

One of them is located near the cemetery fence, where the mass extermination of Jews took place. The inscription on it in Russian and Yiddish reads: "We will mourn forever with our parents, brothers and sisters who died at the hands of the fascists in 1941." The second monument is inside the cemetery; In the place where the killed Jews were later reburied, there is also an inscription in Yiddish and Russian: "Eternal memory of the victims of the German-fascist terror - the Jews of Varakļāni, brutally killed on August 4, 1941".

Nazi German troops entered Varaklani in 1941. In early July, and from the very first days, the siege and isolated killings of Jews began. A conditional ghetto was established near the Jewish cemetery, to which all Jews had to move. On August 4, a German SD unit (the "Arāja team") shot virtually all Jews in Varakļāni (about 540 people) with the help of local self-defense forces on the territory of the Jewish cemetery.

Every year on the first Sunday of August, a memorial event dedicated to the Jews killed in Varakļāni takes place in the Varakļāni Jewish Cemetery.

Memorial Wall of Pain

Artrodas Litene cemetery.

On June 14, 2001, the memorial “Wall of Pain” created by architects Dina Grūbe, Benita and Dainis Bērziņš, stonemasons Ivars Feldbergs and Sandra Skribnovskis was unveiled in Litene Cemetery, it symbolizes the resting place of the soldiers killed in 1941. In October 1988, the ashes of 11 officers killed in June 1941 by the Soviet Army were found in the territory of the former Latvian Army summer camp in Sita Silila, Litene Parish. Although they could not be identified, on December 2, 1989, at the consecration service in Gulbene Evangelical Lutheran Church, Litene Cemetery was solemnly reburied.

11 white crosses, memorial plaque and information stands.

Historical Exposition “The Burning Conscience”

The historical exhibit ‘Fire of Conscience’ is located in Cēsis, near the Cēsis Castle Square. Established in a Soviet-era temporary detention facility, it tells about the occupation of Latvia and reveals surprising and heroic stories of resistance from individuals. The yard features a memorial wall with the names of 643 residents of the former Cēsis district who died in Soviet repressions, including national partisans deported in 1941 and 1949 and those shot and sentenced to death. The exhibit’s timeline encourages visitors to study the course of the occupation of Latvia from 1939 to 1957. Arranged by topics, quotes from local newspapers offer a comparison of the political propaganda of the two occupation regimes. The six cells for temporary detention have survived to the present day in their original form from 1940 to 1941 and the post-war years. Here, the residents of Cēsis district, detained for various anti-Soviet activities, including national partisans, their supporters, young people who distributed anti-Soviet leaflets and other ‘traitors of the motherland’, were held for several days during the initial investigation and interrogation before being sent to the main KGB Building in Riga. Everything here is real: cells with iron doors, built-in ‘kormushkas’ (small openings for providing food), plank beds, a latrine for detainees, a small kitchen with an oven, as well as typical Soviet-era oil paint on the walls. In 2019, the exhibit was ranked third in the national design competition, the Latvian Design of the Year Award.

Museum of the Occupation of Latvia

The museum exhibits the history of Latvia from 1940 to 1991, under the occupation of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. ‘House of the Future’ is a reconstruction and expansion project of the Occupation Museum designed by the well-known American Latvian architect Gunārs Birkerts as well as the new exhibit of the museum. The exhibit ‘History of Cheka in Latvia’ was created by the Occupation Museum and it is located in the ‘Corner House’, which is the former USSR State Security Committee (KGB) building. Latvian Occupation Museum was founded in 1993. It tells the long-hidden story of the fate of the Latvian state, nation and land under the occupation of two foreign totalitarian powers from 1940 to 1991. At the end of 2020 the museum had more than 70,000 different historical items (documents, photographs, written, oral and material evidence, objects and memorabilia). Museum specialists have recorded more than 2,400 video testimonials, making it one of the largest collections on occupation in Europe. The events that unfolded in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia clearly show us what the nations had to endure under the two totalitarian regimes.

Exhibition in the KGB Building "History of KGB Operations in Latvia"

The former USSR State Security Committee (commonly known as Cheka) building is open for visitors. Here chekists imprisoned, interrogated and murdered Latvian citizens who were considered opponents by the occupation regime. There is also an exhibit from the Latvian Occupation Museum on the activities of Cheka in Latvia. Guided tours of the prison cells, corridors, basement and courtyard are available. The house was built in 1911 and it is one of the most beautiful buildings in Riga. Called the ‘Corner House’ by the people, it was the scariest symbol of the Soviet occupation regime in Latvia, and also one of the pillars of power of the USSR. Cheka operated from the Corner House during the occupation from 1940 to 1941 and then again from 1945 to 1991. Tens of thousands of Latvians were affected by direct political persecution. The fight against enemies of Soviet rule continued also after World War II. Cheka’s approach towards its operation slightly changed after Stalin’s death. Physical torture was replaced by psychological terror. The majority of Cheka agents were Latvians (52%). Russians were the second largest group – 23.7%. 60.3% of the agents were not members of the Communist Party. 26.9% of the agents had higher education. The system was designed in a way to involve local people and thus have greater control over the society. Staff documents and service records are located in Russia. And these materials have not been made available to Latvian authorities and researchers.

Victims of Communist Terror Memorial in Torņakalns

The memorial site is located in the Torņakalns railway station in Riga. It is dedicated to those deported in June 1941. Initially it was planned to create a memorial in Esplanāde park, but later it was decided to place it at the Torņakalns station. The memorial consists of five torn stone sculptures symbolising the ruined families and three generations of deportees. The sculptor of this memorial is Pauls Jaunzems and the architect is Juris Poga. It was unveiled on 14 June 2001 by the then President of Latvia, Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga. Next to the station there is a freight waggon and a commemorative stone dedicated to the deported Latvians. The commemorative stone with the inscription “1941” is a 1.2 m high crude boulder. The author of the memorial stand is the sculptor Ojārs Feldbergs.

Alūksne Garrison Cemetery

Located on the shores of Lake Alūksne, on the Kapsēta peninsula, in the territory of the Great Cemetery.

They were started and maintained by the soldiers of the 7th Sigulda Infantry Regiment in the 1930s and consecrated on November 11, 1932. After the restoration of Latvia's independence, Uldis Veldre, the head of the department of the Alūksne Brothers' Cemetery Committee, took care of the maintenance of the Garrison Cemetery, the identification of the resting places associated with Alūksne and the installation of memorials in the Garrison Cemetery.

Military personnel of the Army of the Republic of Latvia were buried in the garrison cemetery, as well as soldiers and civilians killed in the fight against the Bolsheviks on July 4, 1941 in Alūksne near Jāņkalniņš and on July 7, 1941 in Ziemera parish.
Most of the buried have white wooden crosses with metal plaques, which indicate the name of the deceased, the rank or occupation, as well as the date of birth and death.
On December 19, 1990, a memorial to Vilius Spandeg, a knight of the Lāčplēsis Military Order, was unveiled in the Garrison Cemetery. Standard memorial plaques were also erected to the LKOK, who died or were killed in communist concentration camps and were not buried in Latvia. On November 11, 1990, a memorial was erected to Voldemārs Zaķis, who died in the communist concentration camp.

Karvas Brothers Cemetery

It is located on the side of Alūksne - Ape road near the Eel House, south of Karva, turning to Rezaka.

The monument was unveiled on September 12, 1937. The granite stencil was designed by Oem Dambekalns in Riga in Riga by the architect Vemera Vitand.
In the autumn of 1975, the local communists destroyed the monument. On March 30, 1989, the Alūksne District Council decided to restore the monument, and on April 30, 1989, a temporary wooden memorial in the form of a Latvian tombstone was erected by Jānis Jaunzems, a worker at the State Electrotechnical Factory (VEF). It read: "The monument to the Karvas Brethren will be restored here."
At that time, the adjacent Brothers' Cemetery was also improved.
In 1993, thanks to the initiative of Uldis Veldre, the head of the Alūksne Brothers' Cemetery Committee, the restoration of the memorial site resumed. The new monument was made by Cēsis stonemason brothers Aivars, Austris and Auseklis Kerliņi.

The monument was unveiled on June 11, 1994.

Four soldiers of the 5th Company of the Valmiera Infantry Regiment are buried in the Brothers' Cemetery - Jēkabs Sukse, Pēteris Leitlands, Ernests Puķītis and Gustavs Ozols, who died on April 2, 1919 in the battles at the Eel House. Roberts Grazer, a soldier of the Valmiera Regiment, was buried as the fifth soldier of the Valmiera Regiment in the mid-1930s, and disappeared on March 31, 1919 at the New Manor. Initially, he was buried as an unknown, but later the name was found and carved into the monument. Augusts Dzedons (Ziedons), the fifth soldier who died in the Battle of Eel, was buried in the Apekalns cemetery.

A memorial plaque has been erected at the foot of the monument to Jānis Goldem (1891–1952), a participant in the eel battle in LKOK, who died in the Communist concentration camp in Inta, Komi.

The second memorial plaque, unveiled on August 23, 1992, was erected at one of the wooden crosses and is dedicated to Corporal Peter Janson of the 7th Sigulda Infantry Regiment, who was assassinated by the oncoming communists on July 7, 1941.

Military heritage monuments in Dīvaliņš cemetery in Valmiera

Located in Valmiera Dīvala (Jāņa) cemetery in Valmiera.

A monument made in the Allaži limestone by sculptor Marta Lange was unveiled on September 26, 1937.

The pillared monument is closed by an inclined altar, on which there is an oak wreath and a helmet made of limestone.

Approximately 80 soldiers who died in the Latvian War of Independence, as well as those who died from injuries and illnesses, are buried.

Nearby is one of the lesser-known works of Kārlis Zāle - a monument “Broken Roses”, which is connected with the establishment of the Brothers' Cemetery Ensemble.

There is also a memorial to the victims of communist terror - a stone with the inscription: "The assassins of the 1941 communist regime" and white crosses.

Memoriaalansambel Teises maailmasõjas langenud sõduritele

Valmiera memoriaalansambel avati 1985. aastal. Vennaskalmistule on ümber maetud Teises maailmasõjas Valmiera ümbruses langenud Nõukogude sõdurid ja natsiterrori ohvrid. Memoriaalansambli autorid on skulptorid Zigrīda Rapa ja Juris Rapa, arhitektid Ēvalds Fogelis, Jānis Lejnieks, Jānis Rutkis ja Andris Vītols ning projekteerija Ivars Veldrums. Memoriaalansambli kaunistamiseks on kasutatud Allažist pärit allikalupja. Peamine figuur kujutab lõhestatud pärnapuud, mis on ka Valmiera linna vapil. Ansambli mõlemal küljel on kaks skulptuuri, mis sümboliseerivad elu ja surma rütmi. Koiva (Gauja) poole suunatud figuurid moodustavad poolringi ning tähistavad piiri endise ja praeguse vahel. Linnapoolne üldkujund on põimitud võitlusliku kaare vormi. Linna poolt mööda silda tulev külastaja näeb sõdurikuju, kelle käte moodustatud diagonaal toetab surnud kaaslast. Matmispaigas asetsevad hauad ridades, et need, kes võitlesid lahingus õlg õla kõrval, saaksid lamada sama maakamara all. Memoriaalansambli alumisel terrassil asub eraldiseisev kompositsioon „Kuldne õunapuu”. Graniitplaat meenutab siia ümbermaetud juute. Mõned elemendid, näiteks pronksist õunad, mis olid paigutatud õunapuu alla, kadusid 1990. aastatel. Memoriaali juures saab QR-koodi abil kasutada audiogiidile läti, vene, inglise, eesti ja saksa keeles. 

Vaidava kihelkonna koduloo uurimise püsiekspositsioon

Asub Vaidava Kultuuri- ja Käsitöökeskuses.

Seal on välja pandud ekspositsioon, mis on pühendatud 1949. aasta küüditamiste mälestusele, aga ka riialaste osalemisele 1991. aasta jaanuaribarrikaadidel Riias. Näitusel on näha ka tõendeid maailmasõdadest (peamiselt trükised).

Loodus- ja ajalooobjektid, mõisad, hariduslugu, kultuur, silmapaistvad isikud, kolhoosiaegsed materjalid, majapidamistarbed, rahatähed, ajalehed, ajakirjad Vaidava kihelkonna kohta.

Kommunistliku terrori ohvrite mälestusmärk represseeritutele Jaunrauna vallas

Asub Priekuli vallas "Baižēni".

"Baižēni" maja aida varemete asemele loodi represseeritute mälestuspaik, kus ööl vastu 25. märtsi 1949 hoiti 40 Jaunrauna valla elanikku, et asuda teele Lode raudteejaama ja Siber hommikul.

Represseeritute hulka kuulusid alla 1-aastased ja 87-aastased lapsed.

Mälestustahvlile on kirjas ka paguluses mahalastud või hukkunute nimed. Selle kõrval on mälestuskivid Lāčplēsi sõjaordu rüütlitele.

Näitus „Abrene ruumid”

Näitus „Abrene ruumid” on üles pandud Viļaka kesklinna lähedale. See hõlmab ajavahemikku 1920–1960, kui Viļaka kuulus Abrene piirkonna Jaunlatgale haldusüksusesse ja oli Viļaka piirkonna ja Abrene rajooni keskus. Näitus asub Viļaka kõige huvitavama ja mitmekülgsema ajalooga hoones.

Algselt asus see māja kunagisel Marienhauseni turuväljakul, hiljem asusid siin korterid, bürood ja mitmesugused kauplused; Teise maailmasõja ajal tegutsesid siin Läti Omakaitse staap, Gestapo ja KGB. Näitusel eksponeeritakse esemeid, mis on pärit metsavendade laagrist Stompaki soos ning mis on seotud metsavendlusega Latgales, samuti on välja pandud Vabadussõjaga seotud dokumente ja fotosid. Kui tellida giidiekskursioon, tutvustab väljapanekut omanik Dzintars Dvinskis.

Küüditamiseks kasutatud karjavagun - muuseum Skrunda raudteejaamas

1941. aasta juuniküüditamise ja 1949. aasta märtsiküüditamise mälestuseks on Skrunda raudteejaama juurde püstitatud mälestuskivi ja neljateljelisse vagunisse sisse seatud muuseum. See on esimene vagunimuuseum Lätis, kus on püsiekspositsioon: fotod, kirjad, memuaarid, dokumendid ja küüditatud inimeste valmistatud esemed. Skrunda jaam oli koht, kuhu välja saadetavad inimesed kokku koondati, ja üks kolmest piirkonnajaamast, kuhu toodi inimesi Skrunda ja Kuldīga ümbruskonnast. 1941. aastal küüditati siit Siberisse Krasnojarski kraisse hiljem taasiseseisvunud Läti Vabariigi esimeseks presidendiks saanud Guntis Ulmanise perekond.

Karosta, Liepāja sõjasadam (ekskursioon)

Karosta on Baltimaade suurim ajalooline sõjaväeala, mis hõlmab peaaegu kolmandiku kogu Liepāja territooriumist. Karosta on ainulaadne sõjaväe- ja kindlustushoonete kompleks Läänemere kaldal, mis on eriline Läti ja kogu maailma ajaloos ja arhitektuuris. Karostas asuvad sellised militaarpärandi objektid nagu Põhjamuul ja -fordid, redaan, Karosta vangla, Karosta veetorn, Püha Nikolai õigeusu merekatedraal ja Oskars Kalpaksi sild.

Esimese maailmasõja ja vabadussõja Cesvaine ohvrite mälestussammas Cesvaine luteri kirikus

Asub Cesvaine luteri kirikus ja kiriku territooriumil.

Kirikus on näha mälestuspaik Esimeses maailmasõjas ja Vabadussõjas langenud koguduseliikmetele.
Vabadussõjas langenud Cesvaine ja selle lähiümbruse elanike mälestuseks taastati ja pühitseti kirikus 2004. aastal mälestuspaik, mis on luules pühendatud kirjanik Augustus Saulietisele.
Kõik 34 vanale plaadile graveeritud perekonnanime on ka plaadile graveeritud. Puualtari valmistas kohalik meister Juris Neimanis.

Kirikuaias saab näha 25. märtsil 2003 avatud ja pühitsetud mälestusmärki kommunistliku genotsiidi ohvritele.

Cesvaine Evangeelse Luterliku Kiriku jaoks said II maailmasõjas kannatada torni katus ja vundamendid. Sõjajärgsetel aastatel hävisid orel, altar, kantsel ja aknaklaasi pliiraamid. 29. märtsil 1964 peeti kirikus viimane jumalateenistus, kuid 1978. aastal töötas arhitekt Maija Elizabete Mengele välja pärimusmajana kasutatava kiriku rekonstrueerimisprojekti. 1985. aastal moodustati meistrimeeste grupp siseruumide rekonstrueerimistööde tegemiseks. 25. augustil 1990 peeti osaliselt taastatud kirikus esimene jumalateenistus, mida juhatas peapiiskop Kārlis Gailītis (1936 - 1992). 1994. aastal lõpetati altari ja kantsli ehitus. 17. augustil 2002 pühitses peapiiskop Jānis Vanags osaliselt restaureeritud oreli.

Allikas: http://www.cesvaine.lv/turisms/apskates-objekti-cesvaines-novada/cesvaines-luteranu-baznica.html

Mälestuskivi Stende raudteejaamas

Ventspilsi-Mazirbe raudteeliin, samuti Stende-Dundaga pikendus Mazirbesse koos haruga Pitragsi, oli ette nähtud ainult strateegiliste sõjaliste vajaduste rahuldamiseks. Nende liinide ehitamise ajal ja pärast seda evakueeriti kõik tsiviilelanikud piirkonnast. Irbe väina piirkonnas asuvate sõjaliste raudteede peamine ülesanne oli Saksa armee rannikukaitsepositsioonide varustamine relvade ja laskemoonaga.

Need ainult sõjaväe kasutuses olevad sõjaväe raudteed ühendasid ka kolme kõige tähtsamat tuletorni, mis asusid Ovišis, Mikeltornis ja Šlīteres.

Sellest hoolimata korraldati juba I maailmasõja aastatel ka reisijatevedu.

Stende raudteejaamas asub mälestuskivi (1989) 1941. ja 1949. aastal küüditatud lätlastele.

30. oktoobril 1919 hõivasid Stende raudteejaama Bermonti väed. 17. novembril ründasid K. Šnēbergsi juhitud Läti sõjaväe sõdurid jaama, ajades ära vagunid relvade, sõjavarustuse ja viljaga. Nende lahingute eest pälvisid 6 sõdurit ordeni: K. Bumovskis (1891-1976), P. Strautiņš (1883-1969), R. Plotnieks (1891-1965), E. Jansons (1894-1977).

SS-relvade prügila "Seelager" ja koonduslaagris hukkunute mälestusmärk

1943. aasta lõpus hakkasid natside Saksa okupatsioonivõimud, plaanides laiendada SS-i motoriseeritud relvaüksusi, ehitama Dundaga läheduses väljaõppekohta nimega "Seelager" (merelaager). Dundaga ja Arlava kihelkondade elanikud evakueeriti harjutusvälja rajamiseks. 
Laagri taristu rajamiseks asusid Dundaga läheduses mitmed koonduslaagri "Kaizervalde" filiaalid, kuhu paigutati umbes 6000 juuti erinevatest Euroopa riikidest (sealhulgas Lätist) ning umbes 1000 sõjavangi ja partisani. Paljud vangid surid hukkamiste ja kehvade elutingimuste tõttu. Osa surnutest maeti "Čiekuri" laagrisse, mis mõnede andmete kohaselt oli ka Mazirbe suunas kitsarööpmelist raudteed ehitanud juutide grupi mõrvapaik.
1944. aasta augusti alguses, pärast Nõukogude Liidu sissetungi Zemgalesse, likvideeriti väljaõppekeskus, mitu tuhat väljaõppeta SS-veeretajat saadeti tagasi Saksamaale ning komandost, instruktoritest ja koolitatud sõduritest moodustati SS-mootorbrigaad Gross, mis sai nime väljaõppekeskuse komandöri, SS-standardseersant Martin Grossi järgi. Brigaad osales 1944. aasta augustis Tukumsi lahingus ning 1944. aasta septembris Iecava ja Baldone lahingutes.
Pärast SS-üksuste lahkumist kasutati harjutusvälja infrastruktuuri Riiast ja teistest Läti piirkondadest evakueeritud juutide majutamiseks, keda kasutati jätkuvalt orjatööjõuna.

Holokausti ümbermatmispaik

Natsiväed sisenesid Aizputesse 1941. aastal. 28. juunil. Juba juuli alguses lasti Dzirkali metsas ja linnapargis maha osa juute, ülejäänud linna ja lähiümbruse juudid arreteeriti ja paigutati kahte linna sünagoogi.

Pärast seda toimus kahe aktsiooni käigus juutide massiline tapmine.

Tänaseks on ümbermatmispaika paigaldatud monument heebrea- ja lätikeelse kirjaga: "Siia on maetud Aizpute juudid ja teised Saksa natside süütud ohvrid, kes tapeti 1941. aastal julmalt. Me mäletame igavesti."

Tšeka ohvrite matmispaik Chumalu järve ääres

Cheka ohvrite matmispaik asub Lībagu vallas Chumalu järve lähedal Talsu - Laucienese maantee lähedal. Aastatel 1946-1947 lasti siin maha 14 inimest. On olemas versioon, et mahalastud hukkunute seas on metsavendade toetajaid.

Talsi prokuratuuril on selle juhtumi kohta info. Vaja on täiendavaid uuringuid.

Liepāja miilitsahoone ehk "Sinine ime"

Liepajas asus kommunistliku okupatsioonirežiimi institutsioon miilits Republikas tänav 19, majas, mis oli kasutusel alates selle ehitamisest 20. sajandil. alguses nimetasid Liepāja inimesed seda "Siniseks imeks". Seevastu tšeki peakorter asus aadressil Toma tänav 19. Varsti pärast okupatsiooni omandas see ühiskonnas nime "Punane ime".

Senise kommunistliku režiimi kuritegude uurimise käigus on tuvastatud, et ei otse Liepaja Cheka majas ehk "Punases imes" ega ka vanglas ei ole toimunud hukkamisi ega kohtuväliseid tulistamisi. Kõik nendes kohtades viibinud kinnipeetavad viidi alates 23. juunist 1941. aastal seoses sõja algusega Läti territooriumil üle Venemaa vanglatesse. See puudutas nii kinnipeetavaid, kes vahistati nn "poliitiliste" kuritegude eest, kui ka kriminaalkurjategijaid, sõltumata sellest, kas isik oli uurimise all või oli juba karistuse saanud.

Vangide üleviimine määrati NSVL Riikliku Julgeoleku Rahvakomissari Vsevolod Merkulovi 23. juuni 1941 korraldusega nr 2455/M, mis oli adresseeritud Läti NSV, Eesti NSV NKGB ja mitmete NKGB ülematele. Ukraina NSV piirkonnad. Tulistamise põhjus oli kohutav ja traagiline – kinnipeetavaid polnud enam võimalik Venemaale toimetada, kuid ellu neid jätta ei saanud. Seetõttu toimusid sõja ajal Liepājas elanike kohtuvälised mahalaskmised, sarnaselt Riia keskvanglas, Valmiera vanglas, Valka ja Rēzekne miilitsas ning Ludza lähedal Greizai Kalanis. Nimetatud kuritegu leidis aset "Sinise ime" - Liepāja miilitsamajas, Republikas tänav 19.

Related stories

Jean Lipki mälestused

Nõukogude okupatsioonile järgnes Saksa okupatsioon. Natsid sooritasid kuritegusid Läti rahva vastu. Üheks selliseks etniliseks rühmaks olid juudid. Esialgu asutati getod, kuid siis järgnes juutide hävitamine. Paljud lätlased päästsid juute hävitamisest. Üks neist on Jean Lipke.

 
1949. aastal Skrunda jaamas salaja pildistatud küüditamise ešelon

25. märtsil 1949 nägi Skrunda õpilane Elmārs Heniņš, kuidas tema klassikaaslased ära viidi. Ta võttis oma fotoaparaadi ja ronis lähedalasuval mäel asuvale männipuudele, et dokumenteerida toimuvat, hiljem aga peitis pildid.

Taaveti täht Dundaghi koonduslaagri mälestusmärgil

Pärast taasiseseisvumist paigaldasid Dundaga elanikud juutide mõrva- ja ümbermatmispaika Mazirbe - Dundaga maantee äärde suure puust Taaveti tähe ning hiljem avas Läti Juudi Koguduste ja Koguduste Nõukogu selle kõrval mälestuskivi. seda.

 
Major Jānis Ozoli juhtimisvõimed 3. Kurzeme lahingu ajal

Major Jānis Ozolase divisjonile on paigaldatud mälestussilt Riia - Liepāja maantee äärde, Džukste valda, umbes ühe kilomeetri kaugusel mälestuspaiga Kurzeme tagaveest.

Major Jānis Ozols oli Läti ohvitser, 2. maailmasõjas osaleja, Kolme Tähe ordeni kavaler, kelle juhitud suurtükiväedivisjon hoidis 3. Kurzeme lahingu ajal ära rinde murdumise.

 
23. veebruaril 1946 toimunud lahing Zūru meža Dzelzkalni ümbruses

1945/46. Misiņa rühm veetis 2010. aasta talve Zūru metsas Dzelzkalni piirkonnas, kuhu oli ehitatud mitu punkrit. Siia jäi umbes 40 partisani. 23. veebruaril 1946 piirati laager NSV Liidu sisevägede poolt ümber ja toimus äge lahing.

Liepāja "Sinises imes" tsiviilisikute kohtuväline tulistamine

Sõja ajal Läti territooriumil toimunud kohtuvälised tapmised 1941. aasta juuni lõpus ja juuli alguses olid viimane repressioonide ja vägivalla ilming kommunistliku okupatsiooni esimeses etapis, mis lõppes Natsi-Saksamaa vägede sisenemisega kogu territooriumile. Lätist.

Tulistamise põhjus oli kohutav ja traagiline – kinnipeetavaid polnud enam võimalik Venemaale toimetada, kuid ellu neid jätta ei saanud. Seetõttu toimusid sõja ajal Liepājas elanike kohtuvälised mahalaskmised sarnaselt Riia keskvanglas, Valmiera vanglas, Valka ja Rēzekne miilitsates ning Ludza lähedal Croix’ mäel. Liepajas realiseeriti see Nõukogude okupatsioonivõimu kuritegu "Sinises imes" – Liepaja miilitsamajas, Republikas tänav 19.