Pēteris Supe - the initiator of the founding of the Latvian National Partisan Association
С 1944 по 1946 год Петер Супем сумел объединить разбросанные по лесам национальные партизанские отряды в организованное движение, которое в течение нескольких лет после Второй мировой войны боролось против оккупации Латвии в районе Абрене. Петерис Супе по прозвищу «Чинитис» был одним из самых выдающихся организаторов и руководителей национального партизанского движения в Северной Латгалии.
Петерис Супе родился в 1920 году в Абренском районе Пурвмальской волости, в доме нового сада. В детстве он был активным участником движения малых полков и был единственным во всем уезде, кто получил имя «Лидумниекс». В 17 лет он окончил гимназию в Вилаке, затем учился на сельскохозяйственном факультете Латвийского университета в Елгаве, а в 20 лет стал дипломированным агрономом.
Современники характеризовали его как очень предприимчивого, трудоспособного и даже в национальном масштабе фанатичного человека с хорошими талантами оратора и психолога. Во время немецкой оккупации он был главным агрономом Абренского района. Когда в конце 1944 г. советская армия подошла к Латгалии и Видземе, П.Супе бежал, чтобы вернуться на родину уже в качестве командира немецкой разведгруппы, но следует подчеркнуть, что как истинный патриот он этого не сделал. хочу служить либо немецкой, либо русской советской стороне. Немцы готовили бывшего агронома в отрядах так называемых «лесных котов» к боям за спиной противника, но П. Супе, надеясь на помощь Запада в восстановлении независимости Латвии, пошел по другому пути. В одной из первых разведывательных миссий на немецкой стороне Абрене, обнаружив большое количество латышей, призванных в Красную армию, но затем дезертировавших, он потребовал, чтобы немцы отправили оружие для формирования вооруженных групп на самолете, но получил отказ. Война не закончилась, когда осенью 1944 года Супе решил оставить службу немцам и начать организацию национального движения сопротивления.
Петерис Супе был инициатором создания Латвийской национальной партизанской ассоциации (LNPA- способность действовать до 1953 года), его заместителем был Станислав Лочмелис («Ас»), бывший студент экономического факультета Латвийского университета. Учредительное собрание состоялось 10 декабря 1944 года в лесу у села Стомпаку. У них был свой штаб, отдел пропаганды, экономики и контрразведки, суд и даже газета. На момент основания в ней было 123 человека, но уже в 1945 году, по данным военного комиссариата Вилякского района, 1000 человек, и вскоре организация перешла под контроль партизанских отрядов в Вилаке, Алуксне, Валке, Гулбене, Цесисе и частично. в Мадонском районе.
В начале января 1945 года партизаны ЛНПА по приказу П. Супе начали собираться на болотах Стомпак между Балви и Вилакой, где разбили лагерь на нескольких болотных островах, которые без преувеличения можно считать крупнейшими. партизанский лагерь по всей Прибалтике. Официальное название партизан - «Островные дома», но в народе его также называли «Новый Берлин».
Деятельность партизан П. Супезе характеризовалась бескомпромиссной войной, в которой советские активисты, сражавшиеся с партизанами, не задумываясь, были убиты. Партизаны П. Супе также выиграли знаменитую битву при Стомпаку в начале марта 1945 года, защищая свою прочно обосновавшуюся базу на островах болота Стомпаку. Это стало крупнейшим сражением за всю историю латвийского национального партизанского движения, в котором участвовали 300 солдат на стороне партизан и более 560 - на стороне СССР. Как талантливый командир, у него были все возможности постепенно превратить национальную партизанскую войну в Латвии из борьбы отдельных частей во всеобъемлющее, хорошо управляемое движение, если только 1 апреля 1946 года Петер Супи не был застрелен чехом. агент Янис Климканс. П.Супе был убит во время партизанского собрания в волости Яунгулбене, когда предатель Янис Климканс открыл огонь по П.Супе и его заместителю Хенрикасу Аусеклису (Тарауду).
Латвийские новости, 2005,
Советская оккупация Латвии, конец 1944 -50. Создание и деятельность Латвийского национального партизанского союза в период Стомпака.
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Monument to members of the resistance movement in Stompakis
It is located 15 km from Balvi in the direction of Viļakas, on the right side of the road.
A memorial is visible.
The memorial to the members of the resistance movement, dedicated to the memory of the national partisans of Pēteras Supes who fell in the battles of March 2 and 3, 1945, on the side of the Balva - Viļaka highway opposite the Stompaki swamp, was opened on August 11, 2011, on the day of remembrance of Latvian freedom fighters. At the end of July, a capsule with a message for future generations was embedded in the base of the monument. A document with the names of 28 national partisans who fell in the battles of March 2 and 3, 1945 is placed in the capsule.
"In February 1945, Latvia's largest national partisan camp was established on the islands of the Stompaku swamp, which the people began to call the islands of the Stompaku swamp, 2 km from the Balvu - Viļaka highway, where 360 people lived in 22 dugouts. Among them, some legionnaires who, for the legion division retreating, they had stayed at their father's house with all their weapons. In order to destroy the partisans, on March 2, 1945, the soldiers of two battalions of Czech troops attacked the dugouts together with destroyers, which also had four mortars in their armament. The battles took place all day, the partisans resisted stubbornly, and the attackers suffered suffered great losses, so that they could not capture the camp and destroy the partisans. 28 inhabitants of the Stompaku swamp had also fallen or died after being seriously injured in the battle. The next night, the partisans broke the siege of the camp with a battle and left undefeated" - this is what a member of the national resistance movement of the award department writes about the Stompaku battle chairman of the case commission, Zigfrīds Berķis.
Monument to the commander of the North-Eastern national partisans Pēteris Sup - "Cinītis"
Honoring the memory of the national partisan commander Pēteras Supes, on May 28, 2005, a monument dedicated to him was unveiled in Vilakas. It is placed near the Viļaka Catholic Church, on the edge of the trenches dug during the war, where the Chekists buried the shot national partisans. A capsule with the names of 386 fallen national partisans, battle descriptions and materials about the partisan commander is placed under the monument dedicated to P.Supem. The words engraved in stone: "I remained faithful to you, Latvia, until my last breath".
The monument was created by Pēteris Kravalis.
Next to it is a memorial place in the Stompaki forest and other places of battle for Latvian freedom fighters who fell and were murdered by the Chekists in 1944-1956.
On June 20, 2008, a granite plaque with the names of 55 fallen partisans arranged in three columns was discovered on the right wall.
The monument was erected in the place where the communist occupation authorities once displayed the remains of the murdered partisans to intimidate the rest of the population.
Words of thanks to Pēteris Supe and a poem by Bronislava Martuževa are engraved on the adjacent plaque:
"Get up, Peter Supe,
Soul, in battle!
Today Your blood sacrifice,
Risen in the nation.
Go out to live forever
In the strength and vigor of the young,
Wraps, flutters, folds
In the rising flag!"
Trail and partisan memorial in Stompaki bog
The Stompaki Bog Area is a specially protected nature and NATURA 2000 territory located between the cities of Balvi and Viļaka. The eastern part of the bog features a marked 1.5-kilometre trail that crosses the forest and also a small part of the high bog (wooden footbridges), leading to five islands within the bog where the national partisans had built residential bunkers. Information stands along the edges of the trail tell about the local natural values and historical events. There is a rest area by the trail. Directions from the P35 road will help visitors find the trail. In early March 1945, one of the largest national partisan settlements in the Baltic States was established at the Stompaki Camp. About 350 to 360 people lived here, including 40 to 50 women. Starting from January 1945, national partisans carried out regular attacks on the military personnel of the occupation regime and their supporters. The camp had a bakery, a church bunker and 25 residential bunkers, immersed halfway into the ground, for accommodating 8 to 30 people. The bunker sites are still visible today. The Battle of Stompaki, the largest battle in the history of Latvian national partisan battles, took place here on 2-3 March 1945. The anti-partisan forces consisted of a total of about 483 soldiers, including subunits of the 2nd and 3rd Rifle Battalions of the 143rd Rifle Regiment of the NKVD 5th Rifle Division, the rifle platoon (armed with submachine guns), mortar company, reconnaissance and sapper platoons, as well as the so-called ‘istrebitel’ (destruction) fighters.
Broņislava Martuževa poetry barn
The Broņislava Martuževa Museum is situated on the site of the poet’s childhood home in Indrāni parish, Madona municipality. The museum’s exhibit is located in a renovated barn featuring voice and video evidence from the National Resistance Movement and the work of the poet in publishing an underground magazine, as well as composing poetry and songs for national partisans. Broņislava Martuževa was involved with the resistance movement since its inception. Lazdiņas, Martuževa’s home which has not survived, also served as a place of refuge for Pēteris Supe, Head of the Latvian National Partisan Association, and his comrades-in-arms. The poet spent five years hiding in the basement of her home, meeting with partisans, writing poetry (including work dedicated to partisans Pēteris Supe, Vilis Toms, Smilga Group, Laivenieks, Salns, Celmiņš, Bruno Dundurs and others), as well as writing songs and teaching them to partisans. Now, her songs are sung by the ‘Baltie lāči’ group (literally: ‘White Bears’). In 1950, the ‘Dzimtene’ magazine (literally: ‘Motherland’) was published underground together with Vilis Toms. The poet transcribed 11 issues of the magazine, 10 copies each, by hand. The poet, her brother, sister, mother and Vilis Toms were arrested in 1951. Bronislava Martuževa returned from Siberia in 1956. Recognised locally and nationally, the poetry barn is visited by both local residents and guests of the municipality. Learning about the poet’s life gives you the opportunity to discover the fate of Latvia.
Exposition “Abrene Rooms”
The exhibit ‘Abrene Rooms’ is located near the city centre of Viļaka. It covers the period from 1920 to 1960 when Viļaka was part of Jaunlatgale, Abrene district, and became the centre of Viļaka district and Abrene municipality. The exhibit is located in the building with the most interesting and diverse history in Viļaka. Initially located on the old Marienhausen Market Square, it later housed apartments, offices and various shops and, during World War II, the Latvian Self-Defence headquarters, the Gestapo and also the Cheka. The exhibit features items from the national partisan camp in the Stompaki Bog, which are related to the national partisan movement in the Latgale region, as well as documents and photos associated with the War of Independence. With a guided tour booked in advance, the owner, Dzintars Dvinskis, will present the testimonies available in the exhibit.
In 2023, an exhibition for military heritage in Northern Latgale was created.
Museum of the National Resistance Movement in Renda
The museum is located a few kilometres from the centre of Renda parish. The exhibit tells about the 50-year-long resistance movement in Latvia: resistance to the first Soviet occupation, resistance to the Nazi German occupation, and the armed and non-violent resistance to the Soviet occupation. The exhibit is located in two buildings. The first building houses evidence of the first Soviet occupation and German occupation. The exhibit showcases a restored barn building where the focus lies on the National Partisan War. Between the two buildings there is a bunker with an authentic layout and trenches used by soldiers. Located near the museum in Renda, excavations, blindages and an obstacle course serve as a training ground for youth guards and anyone interested. Visits must be booked in advance.
One of the largest battles of the national partisans, called the Āpūznieki Battle, took place in January 1946 not far from here. The battle saw the Kabile National Partisan Group overpower much larger forces of the occupying power. Featuring information stands, the battle site is now home to a rest area.
Vilaka Museum. Exhibitions about the military heritage of the Vilaka area
The Viļaka Museum is located in two buildings – a Catholic parish house built in 1913, which is significant for the cultural history of the city, and the second museum building – in the former Capuchin monastery, the basements of which are closely connected with the national partisan movement in Stompaki and the Soviet Cheka. According to people’s memories, people were kept and tortured in these basements. The old museum building houses several exhibitions, one of which shows the course of the 1920 freedom struggle in Northern Latgale, the events of World War II – the Jewish Holocaust in Viļaka and information about the families who were shot. You can find out more information about each family by their address. The exhibition is supplemented by information about the national partisan movement in Stompaki – various testimonies, photographs, and objects. Visitors to the museum can learn about military heritage sites in and around Viļaka, such as the Freedom Fighters Monument in Jashkov, which was demolished during the Soviet era and restored in 1990, as well as a stele dedicated to the Cavaliers of the Lāčplēsis War Order. The museum's exposition incorporates the sound of a World War II aircraft, as the German Luftwaffe airfield was located near Viļaka. The museum offers the opportunity to view some memories of the events of World War II in Viļaka, as well as obtain information about the German prisoner of war camp in Rači.
