Dugout
I WW1, I Nepriklausomybės karai, II WW2, III Nacionaliniai partizanai
Apvalus ar stačiakampis į žemę įkastas būstas su stogu iš rąstų, rąstų ir kt. ir tt dangtis, padengtas žeme. Iš pradžių sąlygos šiuose iškasuose buvo labai kuklios: keli mediniai gultai, stalas, viena krosnelė Šiandien kariai gyvena kur kas geresnėmis sąlygomis, todėl galime tik grožėtis to meto kariais, kurie gyveno tokiomis sąlygomis, o nuolat buvo karo zonoje, keletą metų. Povandenių dydžiai buvo įvairūs, juose galėjo prisiglausti nuo kelių iki net 10 žmonių. Kariuomenės žinynai rekomendavo, kad iškasai būtų 0,6–1,4 m pločio ir bent 25 cm grunto, tačiau karui tęsiantis iškasai išsiplėtė, tapo didesni, juose tilpo visas batalionas. Didesni iškasai buvo statomi štabo reikmėms ir dažniausiai būdavo toliau nuo fronto linijos. Prieglaudų kūrimo principus lėmė reljefas, turimos medžiagos, karių įgūdžiai. Kastuvų dydis ir saugumo laipsnis priklausė nuo jų artumo prie pirmosios tranšėjų linijos. Yra žinoma, kad kai kurių pastogių stogo konstrukcijoje buvo daugiau nei 10 sluoksnių rąstų, o jų sutvirtinimui naudotos betoninės plokštės ir geležiniai bėgiai, taip pat atlaikytos statybinės medžiagos.
Tiek eiliniai, tiek pareigūnai naudojo iškasus kaip prieglobstį ir poilsio vietą. Buvo tikima, kad iškasai gali apsaugoti karius tiek nuo nepalankių oro sąlygų, tiek nuo artilerijos ugnies, tačiau atsitiko taip, kad dėl tikslaus šūvio iškasoje žuvo visi jo gyventojai. Partizanų būriai taip pat aktyviai formavo požeminius apkasus. Iš šaulių prisiminimų galime susidaryti supratimą apie kasdienybę ir nakvynes rūsiuose. Vakarą prieš Martos, arba Ķekavos, mūšį savo atsiminimuose aprašė 1-ojo Daugavgrivos latvių šaulių bataliono šaulys Fricis Riekstiņš: «Kovo 8-osios naktį (kovo 21 d. pagal naująjį stilių) praleidome su kitais savo bendražygiais didesniame rūsyje, kur kūrenome laužą. Duobėje nebuvo skylių dūmams, todėl teko atsigulti ir nuryti aitrų dūmą, nuo kurio prasidėjo stiprus kosulys ir gilus užkimimas gerklėje. Man labiau patiko šaltis, o ne dūmai, bet ką galėčiau padaryti kitiems nariams karštis ir dūmai labiau nei šaltis?
Daugiau informacijos šaltinių
https://www.naa.mil.lv/en/node/222
https://tezaurs.lv/zemn%C4%ABca:1
Susijusi laiko juosta
Susijusios vietos
Latvian riflemen positions and trenches in Tīreļi
Latvian Riflemen dugouts and trenches in Tīreļi are located in Babīte parish, Mārupe municipality, in the vicinity of the Antiņi Latvian Riflemen Cemetery and the former medicine warehouse. During World War I this was the defensive position of Latvian Riflemen of the Russian Imperial Army. A complex of trenches and surface dugouts was built in the sandy hills. Trench or positional warfare is the best way to accurately describe World War I and emphasise the importance of fortifications. They were based on the research of military engineers and adapted to the environment and the development of new weapons. The everyday life of a soldier is a continuous improvement of defensive fortifications. Sometimes soldiers would give the dugouts names...
Museum of Melānija Vanaga and Siberian dugout
The Melānija Vanaga Museum is located in the Amata village school in Cēsis municipality. The museum showcases materials about the life, literary activity, family and destiny of writer and cultural historian Melānija Vanaga: video content about Siberia and the deported Latvians living there and a Siberian dugout taking its visitors on a trip to the writer’s place of deportation in Tyukhtetsky district, Krasnoyarsk region. The appearance and layout of the dugout form a realistic idea of life away from home. The dugout features unique historical objects brought there from the Tyukhtet Museum: a birch-bark dish known as ‘tuyesok’, a clay mug known as ‘krynka’ and a kerosene lamp. The museum features video interviews with politically repressed people from...
Veseta partisan dugout and memorial site "White Cross"
A 3 m high white plaque with the names of the Latvian national partisans shot on July 2, 1946 can be seen. A nearby dugout has been restored. To make it easier to find this place, there is a sign on the side of Vietalva with the inscription "White Cross".
During the Second World War, there was an active war in the vicinity of Vietalva, and the events after the end of the war were also related to it. In the post-war years, the so-called “Pārupa...
Rubenis' battalion bunker and battlefields
The restored dugout of the 2nd Company of the Rubenis Battalion is located in a forest by lake Ilziķi in the Usma parish. The dugout can be viewed from the outside for free at any time. However, tours inside the dugout must be booked in advance.
The Battalion of Lieutenant Robert Rubenis was part of a military unit formed by General Jānis Kurelis, and it is known for not surrendering to the German troops and showing heavy resistance...
Rebuilt German army dugouts in Melnsils Campsite
Campsite Melnsils is located next to the sea 10 km from Kolka. Here German Army type dugouts have been built that can be used as lodging for the night. This is a nod to the history of this region when during World War II the German Army had a border guard post and a camp site here and soldiers built dugouts for themselves using materials that could be found nearby. Trenches can still be found in the dunes along the coast.
...WWI Historical Exploration Route and dugout
Located in Olaine, near the Olaine Museum of History and Art.
The historical route was established in 2018 at the site of the fortifications of the Russian army during World War I, which were part of the defense system of the area. The fighting between the German and Russian armies in the Olaine area attracts attention for several reasons. The marshy terrain prevented the warring parties from making rapid progress and required a variety of...
Death Island
The group of islands is located in Daugava on the southern side of the Riga HPP reservoir near Daugmale. The Death Island is one of the scariest and most legendary battlefields of World War I. When the Russian Army withdrew from Kurzeme and Zemgale in 1915 some units remained on the left bank of Daugava, where they took positions to fight the German Army. The banks of the river were connected by a bridge. One of the largest chemical weapons usage cases in the territory of Latvia took place here. Latvian soldiers called the place ‘Death Island’, but soldiers of other nationalities called it ‘Hell’. The position of Death Island was of strategic and symbolic importance. For Latvian soldiers it was part of Kurzeme occupied by Germany. Fights took place on the...
Monument to members of the resistance movement in Stompakis
It is located 15 km from Balvi in the direction of Viļakas, on the right side of the road.
A memorial is visible...
Battles and memorials of national and Soviet partisans in the Griva forest massif
It is located in the Griva forest massif.
Six objects related to the places of national and Soviet partisan battles are under consideration.
In the forest massif of Griva, there are not only the headquarters of the "Purvsaliņi" national partisans, the White Cross in the bunker of the national partisans and the cross to the commander of the resistance movement Andrejas Roskoš, but also the grave of the Soviet partisan brigade commander Artūrs Balož, a monument on the so-called Maiden Hill, where a Soviet partisan died in...
Memorial site of national partisans in Sērmūkši
Sērmūkši is home to one of more than a hundred memorials to partisan battles in Latvia. There are more than six hundred partisan battle sites in Latvia. A Latvian national partisan dugout has been built based on historical evidence, and visitors can spend the night in near-authentic conditions with plank beds, lighting provided by kerosene lamps and a heating device similar to the ones used by partisans. Visits must be booked in advance. The fateful moment for the Sērmūkši National Partisan Group came on 29 November 1946 with the deaths of four fighters from the group: Jānis Zīrāks, Reinholds Pētersons, Jānis Pīlands and Anna Zariņa. Alfrēds Suipe survived, endured deportation, returned to Latvia and saw the restoration of a free state. He initiated the...
Bunker of the Red Army and caponiers in Aizvīkai Park
Aizvīkai Manor Park is located in Aizvīki, Gramzda Parish, just a few kilometers from the Lithuanian border.
The places of bunkers and trenches from the 2nd World War are still clearly visible in Aivvikai Park. The Red Army bunker has been restored in the park...
Evidence of the 2nd World War in Aizvikai Park
Aizvīkai Manor Park is located in Aizvīki, Gramzda Parish, just a few kilometers from the Lithuanian border.
The places of bunkers and trenches from the 2nd World War are still clearly visible in Aivvikai Park. One of the types of weapons was the Katyusha rocket launch system. Several such Rocket Launching Systems were located in Aizvīki Park, even after the end of the 2nd World War, and these places (caponieri) are clearly visible in nature...
Susijusi istorija
Apie Latvijos lankininkus Olaines apylinkėse
Prisiminimuose atsispindi Latvijos lankininkų kasdienybė Olaine apylinkėse. Aprašomos ne tik gyvenimo sąlygos, bet ir įprasta užduotis – priešininko pozicijų žvalgyba.
Gynybinių pozicijų formavimas.
Aprašyme apskritai nagrinėjama mūšio lauko įtvirtinimo problema. Jis sukurtas remiantis I pasaulinio karo patirtimi ir situacija, kai būtina organizuoti didelius įtvirtinimų kūrimo darbus.
Soviet Army's unrealised plans on the Kurzeme coast in Melnsil and Gipka
At the end of World War II, the 6th Battery of the German Naval 532nd Artillery Division was stationed in Melnsil, but the Red Army had its own plans for the area, which were never realised until the surrender of the German army in May 1945.