The miraculous escape of Lieutenant-Colonel Eduards Graudins from being shot

Graudinš.gif
Pulkvedis - leitnants Eduards Graudiņš

In November 1944, a court-martial of the German occupation authorities sentenced 8 staff officers of General Kurel's group, three staff officers were pardoned for various reasons. The lieutenant colonel managed to escape from being shot, but Graudiņš was "trampled" by the German concentration camp system

On the night of 19-20 November 1944, a court-martial of the German occupation authorities was held in the Liepaja Karosta prison, sentencing to death eight staff officers of General Kurelis's group, three staff officers were pardoned for various reasons.

Lieutenant Colonel Eduard Graudins was married to a German-White woman and they had two children, a son and a daughter. In the late 1920s he divorced and his ex-wife and their two children emigrated to Germany in 1939. The son was conscripted into the German Armed Forces and served in the elite "Grossdeutschland" division. He was killed in action in the late summer of 1944. When the trial took place, the ex-wife wrote a request for pardon on the grounds of her son's service. Eduard Graudins was sent to Stutthof concentration camp and died in February 1945 when it was evacuated.

GRAUDINS EDUARDS Son of Peter
Captain of the Independence Company. Cavalier of the Order of the Knights of the Order of the Knights of the Order of the Latvian Knights of the Order of the Latvian Knights of the Knights of the Order of the Latvian Order of the Knights of the Order of the Polish Armed Forces (LKOK)
Order of the Latvian Legion of Merit awarded in 1921
 

Pasakotojas: Valdis Kuzmins; Šią istoriją užrašė: Valdis Kuzmins, Jana Kalve
Panaudoti šaltiniai ir literatūra:

Colonel - Lieutenant Eduards Graudiņš: War of Independence, State of Latvia, Stutthof Concentrations | Sargs.lv

https://www.sargs.lv/lv/vienibas-un-personibas/2011-02-17/pulkvedis-leitnants-eduards-graudins-neatkaribas-kars-latvijas

LKOK nr.3 / 878: Graudiņš, Eduards www.lkok.com/detail1.asp?ID=476

 

Jūsų komentarai

Part of this is a myth. I am Eduards granddaughter from his second marriage. His first wife had two daughters and a son who died in a German tank division, he was about 17 years old at the time. There is no way his first wife could have heard about the military court, let alone attended or delivered a letter, as she was in Poland. The "court-martial" (which was obviously illegal as the Kurelieshi were not part of the German Army) was an ambush. He was arrested at a 'meeting' and tried and condemned the next day. We have letters he wrote from prison before and after the 'trial'. He had 3 children with his second wife who was near Talsi during the trial, followed to Stutthof but was unable to contact him there. She migrated to Australia. His first wife's family migrated to America. We don't know why he wasn't shot at the trial, but there was no letter.

Tanya Hart
2023-02-25 04:44:47

Susijusios vietos

The place where General Kurelis's staff officers were shot

At the end of July 1944, when the Red Army invaded the territory of Latvia, the German occupation authorities allowed Jānis Veide, the Riga District Police Chief and Commander of the 5th Riga Guards Regiment of the restored Latvian Guards Organisation, to establish the "General Kurelis Group of the Riga Guards Regiment". The head of the Military Commission of the Central Council of Latvia, General Jānis Kurelis of the Latvian Army, became its leader.

The Kurelis operated in Vidzeme until September 1944, when they moved to Kurzeme, where they were stationed in the houses of Stiklis in Puzes parish, Ilziķi in Usma parish, Iliņi in Ģibuli parish, and in Edole and other places in Northern Kurzeme. By the end of October 1944, the Kurelies had about 3,000 armed men, among them many former soldiers of the Latvian SS Volunteer Legion units, who joined the unit to realise their dream - the fight for Latvia's independence.

At the beginning of November 1944, the German occupation authorities' Supreme Police and SS leader in Ostland, SS Oberruppenführer Friedrich Jeckeln, began to restrict the group's activities and on 14 November arrested the Kurelian headquarters and more than 700 soldiers in Stikliai, Puse parish. The battalion commanded by Lieutenant Robert Rubens, with about 500 men in the Usma area, resisted and continued fighting until December 1944.

On the night of 19/20/1944, the Germans fought against the Germans. On November 19-19, 1944, a court-martial of the German occupation authorities was held in Liepāja Karaostas Prison, sentencing to death eight staff officers of General Kurelis' group - Colonel Pēteris Liepiņš, Captain Kristaps Upelnieks, Captain Jūlijs Mucenieks, Lieutenant Jānis Gregoras, Lieutenant Teodorma Prikulis, Lieutenant Jānis Rasas, Lieutenant Filipson and Adjutant Kārlis Valters. Three staff officers, Lieutenant Colonel Eduards Graudins, Lieutenant Arthurs Ankravs and Sergeant Vili Pavulāns, were pardoned for various reasons. On the afternoon of 20 November, the convicts were shot in the dunes near the Karosta prison, where a white cross can be seen today.

In 1994, a memorial to the officers who were shot was established in the dunes of the Liepaja Karosta. In 2012, after it was washed into the sea, the memorial was restored to its present location.
*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

Karostos karinis kalėjimas

Liepojos Karostos kalėjimas yra vienintelis karinis kalėjimas Europoje, atviras turistams. Pastatytas apie 1900 m. ligoninės reikmėms, pastatas niekada nebuvo naudojamas pagal pradinę paskirtį. Statinys buvo perskirtas kaip vieta laikinoms drausminėms nuobaudoms atlikti ir buvo naudojamas iki 1997 m.

Keitėsi galios, tačiau įstaigos paskirtis liko ta pati – apgyvendinti kalinius, tarp jų revoliucionierius, Rusijos caro armijos jūrininkus ir puskarininkius, vokiečių dezertyrus, Stalino laikų žmonių priešus, sovietų ir latvių armijų karius. Karostos kalėjimas šiuo metu atviras lankytojams, čia vyksta ekskursijos su gidu. Ekskursijos parodo kalėjimą, o lankytojai gali susipažinti su jo istorija, apžiūrėti kalėjimą ir bausmės kameras bei išgirsti įdomių ir net vaiduokliškų pasakojimų apie gyvenimą kalėjime. Drąsesnės sielos turi galimybę žaisti realybės žaidimą „Už grotų“ arba bandyti išeiti iš uždarų patalpų. O tie, kurie nepažįsta baimės, gali nakvoti kalėjimo kameroje. Karostos kalėjime veikia Karostos lankytojų centras, sovietmečio bufetas, suvenyrų parduotuvė. Gido paslaugos teikiamos visoje Karostoje.

Kureliešu štābs Stiklos

Annahites medību pilī Stiklos 2. Pasaules kara laikā no 1944. gada 29.oktobrim līdz 14.novembrim atradās kureliešu štābs. Šī ēka saglabājusies līdz mūsdienām.

Stiklu apkārtne bagāta ne tikai ar purviem un mežiem, bet arī smiltīm. 1897. gadā darbu uzsāka jaunā Annahites stiklu fabrika - tā arī šī Latvijas apdzīvotā vieta ieguvusi savu nosaukumu Stikli. 1900. gadā turpat Stiklos ezera krastā uzbūvēta tā dēvētā Annahites medību pils jeb ēka, kurā dzīvojis fabrikas pārvaldnieks.

 

Rubeņa bataljona 1944. gada 6.-9. decembra cīņu vieta

Piemiņas vieta leitnanta R. Rubeņa bataljona 1944. gada 6.-9. decembra cīņu vietā starp “Vēveru” un “Dzilnu” mājām Ugāles pagastā.

"Robežu" mājas Skrīveru pagastā

“Robežu“ mājās Skrīveru pagastā ir vieta, kur 1944. gada 28. jūlijā uzsākta ģenerāļa J. Kureļa grupas formēšana.

Piemiņas akmens kureliešiem Skrīveru pagastā

Piemiņas akmens kureliešiem, pēc Skrīveru pensionāru ierosinājuma un ar daudzu ziedotāju un labvēļu atbalstu, tapa un tika uzstādīts netālu no “Robežu” mājām, Skrīveru pagastā 2015. gadā. "Robežu" mājas nav saglabājušās, ir tikai drupas no tām.

Kureliešu kustība aizsākās 1944.gada 28.jūlijā Skrīveros, ”Robežu” mājās, bet  oficiālā dibināšana notika 1944. gada 9. augustā Skrīveru apkaimē pie “Robežu’’ mājām, kad aptuveni 200 latviešu karavīru nodeva zvērestu Latvijas valstij. Vienības pirmo kaujas bataljonu nosauca Skrīveru vārdā un tā komandēšanu uzticēja pulkvežleitnantam Graudiņam. Nedaudz vēlāk Bebru pagastā tika izveidota atsevišķa rota, kuru vadīja bijušais Latvijas armijas un Latviešu leģiona 15. divīzijas leitnants Roberts Rubenis. Vienības sastāvs vēlāk stipri pieauga un, kad tā septembra beigās devās uz Kurzemi, tā jau iepriekš aptuveni 150 cilvēku bija nosūtījusi nacionālās pretestības cīņas veidošanai krievu okupētajā Vidzemes daļā. Uz Kurzemi vienība devās vairāku simtu vīru sastāvā un tai līdzi bija pat bēgļu gaitās devušos vietējo iedzīvotāju ziedoti lopi, kas ļāva tai vēlāk Strazdes muižā ierīkot savu gaļas pārstrādes darbnīcu, tādējādi nodrošinot to ar pārtiku, jo šie latviešu karavīri ar vietējo iedzīvotāju aplaupīšanu nekad nenodarbojās.

Kureliešu kustības izveide saistāma ar Latvijas Aizsargu organizācijas vadītāja, pulkvežleitnanta A. Dzenīša izdotu rīkojumu, Rīgas Aizsargu pulka sastāvā izveidot speciālu militāru vienību Daugavas labā krasta, starp Ķegumu un Pļaviņām, aizsardzības stiprināšanai pret strauji uzbrūkošo Sarkano armiju, kā arī partizānu/diversantu grupu atstāšanai ienaidnieka okupētajā teritorijā. Šis plāns bija saskaņots ar vācu okupācijas iestāžu augstāko vadību. Taču faktiski grupas vadītāji bijušā Latvijas armijas ģenerāļa J. Kureļa un viņa štāba priekšnieka, Latvijas armijas kapteiņa un Brīvības cīņu varoņa K. Upelnieka vadībā, loloja pavisam citus plānus un oficiālās versijas aizsegā sāka darbu pie latviešu militārās vienības veidošanas, kurai vēlāk būtu jākļūst par atjaunotās Latvijas armijas pamatu, cerot uz 1919. gada situācijas atkārtošanos kara beigās.

Strazdes muiža

Strazdes muiža atrodas Rīgas – Ventspils šosejas malā un tā bija ģenerāļa J. Kureļa grupas atrašanās vieta 1944. gada 29. septembrī - 28. oktobrī.

Stipri pārbūvēta, piemērojot skolas (no 1922) vajadzībām, pārbūvēs zaudējusi sākotnējo izskatu un proporcijas. Strazdes muižu ieskauj skaists parks.

Jekelna štābs Talsos

Šajā ēkā Talsos 1944. gada 3. novembrī notika ģenerāļa J. Kureļa un kapteiņa K. Upelnieka sarunas ar SS obergrupenfīreru F. Jekelnu un citiem vācu virsniekiem. Vēsturiskā ēka ir nojaukta, tās vietā būvē jaunu ēku.

Former shop/police building

The former store/police building in Talsos, where 14-19 of 1944 in November, the headquarters officers of General J. Kurelis' group were imprisoned.

 
A memorial stone for the people of Kurele in Stiklo

A memorial stone for Kurele people near Annahite hunting castle "Stiklos" in Puze parish, discovered in 1997, moved in 2023.

There is an information board with a QR code near the stone, where there is an audio guide's narration about the Kurelians.

 
Memorial site in the old Annahite Cemetery

Memorial place in the old Annahite cemetery, where the soldiers and civilians killed on November 14, 1944 as a result of the headquarters and main forces of the German besieging general J. Kurelis group are buried.

Memorials to the group of General J. Kurelis and Lieutenant R. Ruben in the "Dzelzkalnu" cemetery

Memorial stones for the group of General J. Kurelis and Lieutenant R. Rubenis in the "Dzelzkalnu" cemetery in Puze parish. Opened in 1997.

The memorial signs were installed even before the creation of the Rubenis Battalion Museum.

The place of collision near Chubu's house in Renda parish

The clash of the 2nd company of Lieutenant L. Znutenas of the battalion of Senior Lieutenant V. Strautnieks with the Germans took place on November 16, 1944.

 
The white cross and the place of execution in Karosta

The white cross and the place of execution in front of Liepāja's Karosta prison. Opened in 2000.

Graves of soldiers of Ruben's battalion

The graves of soldiers of Ruben's battalion are located by the highway Kuldīga - Sabile. A road sign and a stone with the inscription "For Your Land and Freedom" are located just a few hundred meters from the road.

The battalion of Lieutenant Robert Rubenis was one of the parts of the military unit formed by General Jānis Kurelis, which did not surrender to the German troops and showed fierce German resistance. During the Usma period, the numerical composition of the battalion increased to 650 men with four fully equipped companies, an ambulance and a farm team. Commanding staff: lieutenant R. Rubenis, lieutenant Filipsons, vv A. Druviņš, vv Šults, vv Briedis, vv. sergeant J. Rubenis, J. Bergs, vv Jaunzems.

From November 14 to December 9, 1944, fierce battles took place in the parishes of Ugāle, Usma, Renda and Zlēki between units of the German 16th Army, SD and SS units under the command of police general Friedrich Jekeln and a separate battalion of the Kurelian unit commanded by lieutenant Roberts Rubenis. Around 250 German soldiers were killed in the battles near Renda and Zleki, while the losses of the Rubenes were around 50 people.

After the death of Lieutenant Rubenis, Druviņš announced to his men that he would continue to work on a voluntary basis and as a result, several dozen men made the decision to separate from Rubenis' battalion. On November 20-21, 1944, a group of 11 people was captured by a German SD unit and after interrogations they took them to the local forest and shot them.

 
The site of the battles of Ruben's battalion on November 18, 1944

Memorial place at the site of the battles of Lieutenant R. Rubeņas' battalion on November 18, 1944, between the houses of "Pērkon" and "Mežzīļu" in Renda parish.