Petro Didžiojo jūrų tvirtovė I WW1
Rusijos įtvirtinimų linija, nutiesta prieš Pirmąjį pasaulinį karą ir jo metu 1912–1918 m. kaip dalis Rusijos imperijos sostinės Sankt Peterburgo gynybos tiek Estijoje, tiek Suomijoje.
Kelio į Sankt Peterburgą įtvirtinimas tapo prioritetu po Rusijos pralaimėjimo Rusijos ir Japonijos kare (1904-1905). Pagrindinė linija Talinas-Naissaare-Porkkala žinoma kaip Petro Didžiojo karinė jūrų tvirtovė, kuri buvo svarbiausia ir įtvirtinta gynybos tinklo dalis.
Įtvirtinimų tinklą sudarė karinio jūrų laivyno ir oro gynybos baterijos, bunkeriai, apkasai, įtvirtinti geležinkeliai ir greitkeliai, tiltai, uostai, laivų statyklos, karinės bazės ir daugelis kitų.
Karinė jūrų tvirtovė buvo nebaigta, o 1918 m. besitraukiančios Rusijos pajėgos dalį jos susprogdino ir sunaikino. Nepaisant to, naujai suformuotai Estijos Respublikai pavyko sukurti savo pakrantės ir jūrų gynybą įtvirtinimų linijos pagrindu. Labiausiai išplėtoti statiniai Aegnos saloje.
Vėlesniuose karuose įtvirtinimai buvo naudojami retai, nes iki to laiko karyba gerokai pasikeitė. Praėjusio amžiaus šeštajame dešimtmetyje didžiosioms valstybėms atsisakius artilerijos karinio jūrų laivyno ir pakrančių gynybos praktikos, įrenginiai ir toliau buvo naudojami tik kaip sandėliai.
Šiandien beveik visi įtvirtinimai nebeeksploatuojami ir yra atviri turistams.
Susijusios vietos
Naisaro sala
This island, which covers 19 square kilometres in the Bay of Tallinn, was acquired by the Imperial Russian Navy in 1912, forcing out the locals. The navy built ports, railways and coast batteries as part of Peter the Great's Naval Fortress on the island. During World War I and the War of Independence, the island also held a prisoner-of-war camp. The newly independent Republic of Estonia retained the island as part of the established coastal defence system, but allowed the locals to return to it. During the Soviet occupation, the island was under the control of the military, who built a naval mine depot and factory there. The buildings and equipment left behind on Naissaar by the Soviet Army can still be partially explored today. The network of bunkers designed to...
Hidroplanų uostas
The Seaplane Harbour is situated on the water’s edge in the Kalamaja district of Tallinn.
It was commissioned during World War I by Russian Emperor Nicholas II as part of Peter the Great's Naval Fortress. The museum, based in the historic seaplane hangar, has around 200 original exhibits on display: the submarine Lembit, the 100-year-old icebreaker Suur Tõll, the seaplane Short 184, the oldest Estonian shipwreck, mines, cannons and more. Temporary exhibitions...
Aegnos sala
The three square kilometres of this island in the north-eastern corner of Tallinn Bay are the site of an extensive network of coastal defence batteries and a three-kilometre narrow-gauge railway built before World War I as a continuation of the fortification work begun by Peter the Great in the 18th century. Construction of the Alexander Nevsky Battery began in 1915. The 180-metre concrete structure was coupled at both ends with barbettes supporting two 12-inch guns each. The guns at the eastern end were higher than at the western end, allowing them to be fired westward over the other guns. Battery No. 3 was built on the western shore of Aegna and was ready for combat by autumn 1916. The battery was first planned to have six 130-mm guns, but in...
Patarei jūros tvirtovė
A former naval fortress located in the Kalamaja district of Tallinn.
Designed by military engineers Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, Patarei was commissioned in 1829 by Russian Emperor Nicholas I. The complex was opened in 1840, but this did not mean that construction work was complete. The fortress underwent renovations: there were fears that the British and French would attack from the Baltic Sea after the outbreak of the...
