Apie mažiau žinomus latvių skulptoriaus Kārlio Zāles kūrinius senosiose Dīvalos ir Trikātos kapinėse

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Avots: Gita Memmēna, Vidzemes tūrisma asociācija

Vienas iš mažai žinomų skulptoriaus Kārlis Zāle (1888-1942) kūrinių – travertino skulptūra „Nukritusios rožės“, sukurta 1939–1940 m., siejama su Brolių kapinių ansamblio kūrimu.

Kuriant brolių kapinių ansamblį, buvo svarstytas siūlymas centrinėje kapinių dalyje sukurti baseiną. Skulptorius ruošėsi tokiam sprendimui ir išdrožė šias dvi panašias skulptūras, ketindamas jas pastatyti prie įėjimo į baseiną. Tačiau idėja statyti baseiną buvo atmesta ir vietoj jo buvo įrengta veja. Todėl „Nukritusios rožės“ nerado savo vietos Brolių kapinėse ir buvo įrengtos atskirai, šalia privačių asmenų kapų: vienos Rygos I Mežos kapinėse, kitos Valmieros Dīvāli kapinėse. Abi skulptūros vaizduoja moterį, klūpančią ir gedinčią išėjusiojo. Nulaužtos rožės ir apvirtęs vandens indas pasakoja apie nutrūkusį gyvenimą. Skulptūros pagamintos iš travertino ir sumontuotos ant žemo pagrindo.
Skulptūra nuo 1950 metų stovi Valmieros Dīvalas kapinėse.

Antrasis, mažiau žinomas Kārlis Zāle kūrinys – paminklas liaudies mokytojui Jēkabui Mūrnieksui (1865-1926). Įsikūręs senosiose Trikātos kapinėse. „Kilnus darbas veda į amžinybę“ – tokiu mokytojo šūkiu dedamas paminklo nugarėlėje.

Palyginti sudėtingoje architektūrinėje kompozicijoje – didelis bareljefas, kuriame, matyt, pagal komisijos narių pageidavimus, pavaizduotas mokytojas, sėdintis po mokyklos liepomis su atversta knyga, prie jo prisiglaudęs berniukas. Šis reljefas yra bene vienintelis iš Kārlio Zāles kūrinių, pasižymintis išskirtiniu iliustravimo stiliumi. Neįprasta jo rašysenai yra vaizdų detalumas.

Jēkabas Mūrnieksas Trikātos parapinėje mokykloje nepertraukiamai dirbo 42 metus, o per jo laiką parapinėje mokykloje išugdė daug žinomų Latvijos valstybės, kariuomenės, visuomenės ir profesionalų darbuotojų – karo ministrą generolą Jāni Balodį, generolus Kārlį Goppersą ir Robertą Dambītes, Seimo narį, pulkininką Eduardą Laimiņšą ir daug kitų pulkininkų.
1928 m. dėkingi studentai Trikātos kapinėse pastatė paminklą Jēkabui Mūrniekui, kurį sukūrė skulptorius Kārlis Zāles.

Panaudoti šaltiniai ir literatūra:

http://trikatasvesture.beverina.lv/index.php/pieminekli
https://www.vestnesis.lv/ta/id/59018
http://trikatasvesture.beverina.lv/index.php/sakums/arhivs-2020

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Susijusios vietos

Memorial places for generals and knights of the Lāčplēsis War Order in Trikāta Parish

The memorial stele is located next to the Trikāta cemetery chapel.

Trikāta Cemetery preserves the memory of three outstanding Latvian generals - Roberts Dambītis, Kārlis Goppers and Jānis Balodis. Jēkabs Mūrnieks, a teacher of all these generals, is also buried in Trikāta cemetery.

The generals and the knights of the Lāčplēsis Military Order are commemorated every year with torchlight processions to the Trikāta cemetery, where there are two memorial statues, in which the names of 17 knights of the Lāčplēsis Military Order associated with Trikāta parish are engraved.
Stela was opened on November 11, 2018.

Video story about the Lāčplēsis War Order and the set of orders that belonged to General Jānis Balodis.

Military heritage monuments in Dīvaliņš cemetery in Valmiera

Located in Valmiera Dīvala (Jāņa) cemetery in Valmiera.

A monument made in the Allaži limestone by sculptor Marta Lange was unveiled on September 26, 1937.

The pillared monument is closed by an inclined altar, on which there is an oak wreath and a helmet made of limestone.

Approximately 80 soldiers who died in the Latvian War of Independence, as well as those who died from injuries and illnesses, are buried.

Nearby is one of the lesser-known works of Kārlis Zāle - a monument “Broken Roses”, which is connected with the establishment of the Brothers' Cemetery Ensemble.

There is also a memorial to the victims of communist terror - a stone with the inscription: "The assassins of the 1941 communist regime" and white crosses.

Brothers' Cemetery in Riga

Riga Brothers’ Cemetery is located in the northern district of Riga. The cemetery extends over an area of 9 ha and is the most outstanding and significant memorial ensemble in Latvia dedicated to the fallen Latvian soldiers. About 3,000 soldiers are buried here. The Brothers’ Cemetery was created during World War I after the first three Latvian Riflemen, who fell in Tīreļpurvs in the battle against the German Army, were buried here. Later Latvian soldiers who had died in other battles and wars would also be buried in the Brothers’ Cemetery. The memorial is based on the design of the sculptor Kārlis Zāle, and is the first memorial ensemble in Europe with such landscape, architecture and sculptural value. It uses elements typical to the Latvian landscape, traditional farmsteads, Latvian folklore and history that praise the characteristics of soldiers and tell the story of the way of the soldier. The memorial was unveiled in 1936 and it has three parts: ‘The Road of Though’ which is a 250 m long alley, ‘Terrace of Heroes’ with the Altar of the Sacred Flame and ensemble the Sacred Oak Grove, and the burial ground with the Latvian wall and a memorial of a mother with her fallen sons.

The Freedom Monument in Riga

It is located in the center of Riga, on Brīvības Square.

The Freedom Monument is one of the most outstanding monuments of Latvian history, architecture and art. It was built according to the project of Kārļis Zaales based on public donations. Opened in 1935 as a symbol of Latvian people's freedom and love of the fatherland. Together with the Riga Brothers' Tomb ensemble, it belongs to the most valuable examples of monumental architecture and sculpture.

The Freedom Monument expresses the ethical and aesthetic values of Latvian culture. The symbols reflect the philosophical nature of freedom and the Latvian nation's historical ideas about the stages of the struggle for independence. Indicates the embodiment of physical and mental strength. The heroic language tells about the Latvian nation as a self-reliant, active maker of history and a determiner of its own destiny.

In its place, there was originally a monument to the Russian Tsar Peter I. In World War 1, it was dismantled to be transported by ship to Petrograd. The ship was torpedoed by a German submarine and sank off the island of Worms in the Estonian territory. The Soviet occupation regime planned to demolish the Freedom Monument several times, but it did not materialize.

Nowadays, you can see one of the symbols of Latvia and observe the traditions of the army honor guard.

 

 
Dobele Liberation Monument

The Dobele Liberation Monument is located in Dobele, approximately 250 meters west of the Bērze Bridge, opposite the Dobele Castle ruins.

The Dobele Liberation Monument is dedicated to the soldiers who fell in World War I and the Latvian freedom struggle. Sculptor Kārlis Zemdega created the Dobele Liberation Monument as a two-figure composition, where the ancient Latvian soldier is a symbol of the strength of the people, and the folk girl - the image of the Motherland - expresses the ideal of spiritual clarity.

The idea to build a monument in Dobele was put forward in 1924, but work on the monument was started by K. Zemdega only ten years later, in 1934. The monument was carved from a 44-ton block of Finnish granite, and together with the base the monument reached a height of 4.5 m. The ceremonial opening of the monument took place on June 9, 1940, at the site of the current Soviet soldiers' cemetery monument, on Brīvības Street, where the Dobele Liberation Monument stood until 1950, when it was blown up by order of the Soviet authorities.
With the beginning of the era of national awakening and thanks to the persistent activities of the initiators of the restoration of the monument created by K. Zemdega - the Dobele branch of the Latvian Culture Foundation, on July 21, 1988, the Dobele District Committee Office of the Communist Party of Latvia and the Executive Committee of the Dobele District Council of People's Deputies made a decision to support the initiative of the Dobele work collective and residents to restore the monument destroyed during the Stalin cult. At the same time, the Monument Restoration Fund was established, into which donations from companies, organizations and private individuals were used to restore and install the K. Zemdega monument in the square opposite the ruins of Dobele Castle. This place was selected taking into account the results of a survey of residents. The monument was restored and installed in 1996 thanks to the donations of Dobele residents. The monument was made of granite stone brought from Zaporozhye, Ukraine, and was sculpted by stonemason Liberijs Peļņa after a design by sculptor Inta Berga.