Amandus Adamsonas (1855–1929)
I Nepriklausomybės karai
Estų skulptorius, akademikas ir vienas iš Estijos tautinio meno pradininkų.
Amandus Heinrich Adamson gimė 1835 m. lapkričio 12 d. Pakri pusiasalyje. Jo meninė dovana buvo atrasta anksti – tariamai pirmąją medinę figūrėlę jis išdrožė broliui dar prieš išmokdamas skaityti.
Nepaisant kuklios kilmės ir daugybės nesėkmingų bandymų stoti, Adamsonas 1876 m. įstojo į Sankt Peterburgo dailės akademiją kaip kviestinis studentas, kurį 1879 m. baigė sidabro medaliu. Sankt Peterburge jis tapo laisvai samdomu menininku ir netrukus pradėjo gauti užsakymus iš aristokratijos ir net suvereno šeimos. 1887 m. balandžio 8 d. Sankt Peterburge atidarė savo pirmąją personalinę parodą. Adamsonas gyveno Paryžiuje 1887–1891 m., o tai buvo meniškai produktyvus laikotarpis, per kurį jis kūrė savo stilių. 1889 m. jis pateko į du savo darbus Paryžiaus parodoje „Universelle“ ir laimėjo apdovanojimą.
1901 m. Adamsonas pasuko į monumentalių skulptūrų projektavimą. Pirmasis jo užsakymas buvo Rusijos karo laivo „Russalka“ nuskendimo paminklas Taline (1902 m.) – pirmasis estų skulptoriaus paminklas Estijoje.
1907 m. Adamsonas buvo paskirtas Sankt Peterburgo dailės akademijos akademiku ir dėstė daugelį, tarp kurių buvo žinomi Estijos menininkai Nikolajus Triikas ir Konradas Mägi.
Prasidėjus Rusijos revoliucijai Adamsonas grįžo į Estiją ir apsigyveno Paldiski mieste, vėliau retkarčiais gyveno ir dirbo Italijoje.
Jo darbai yra neobarokinio stiliaus su realistine įtaka ir dažnai yra alegoriniai. Suprojektavo daug Nepriklausomybės karo paminklų (Pernu, Valgoje, Rakverėje, Narva-Jõesuu, Viljandi, Suure-Jaani, Kuresarėje, Kalevipoego statula Tartu mieste prie Emajogi upės).
Adamsonas mirė 1929 m. birželio 26 d. savo namuose Paldiskyje. Jis palaidotas prie jo sukurto Nepriklausomybės kovų paminklo Pernu mieste. Adamsonų šeima 2005 metais Estijos vyriausybei atidavė dailininko vasarnamį Paldiskyje. Amandus Adamson studijos muziejus buvo atidarytas kaip Harjumaa muziejaus filialas 2010 m.
Susijusios vietos
Monument to the War of Independence in Pärnu
This monument was designed by Amandus Adamson. It was unveiled in Alevi cemetery in Pärnu on 16 July 1922. Its designer was buried next to it in 1929.
On 15 April 1945 the monument was blown to pieces, which were then buried. The statue of a boy with a garland was buried by local high school girls 175 metres from the monument. Luckily the graves of the soldiers were left untouched.
The garrison cemetery was renovated in 1987 and the parts of the monument (incl. statue of the boy with the garland) were dug up in 1988. On 24 February 1989 the upper part of the monument, which was found buried in its original location, was unveiled with a granite tablet reading: "1918 1920 / HERE WAS UNVEILED, ON 16 JULY 1922 THE MONUMENT TO THOSE / FALLEN IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE / SCULPTOR AMANDUS ADAMSON / DESTROYED IN 1945 / 24 II 1989 P.M.S." The full restoration of the monument and cemetery was completed in stages. The monument was unveiled anew on 17 July 1993.
Monument to the War of Independence in St Paul's Cemetery
This monument is situated in the north corner of St Paul's Cemetery in Tartu.
Designed by sculptor Aleksander Eller and city architect Arnold Matteus, it depicts two soldiers fashioned by Amandus Adamson and was unveiled on 11 November 1934. During the Soviet occupation the sculptures and dates were removed from the monument. On 10 October 2015 a War of Independence memorial was unveiled in the same location, comprising the sculpture ‘Kalev and Linda’ by Mati Karmin and a ceremonial square designed by Mati Karmin and Tiit Trummal with pathways, park benches and directional lights. The monument marks the mass grave of 254 soldiers who died in the War of Independence.
Monument to the War of Independence in Valga
This monument, in remembrance of freedom fighters from Southern Estonia, depicts a statue of an unknown soldier, his sword sheathed, holding a flag in one hand and the other outstretched, standing on top of a tall plinth. The original monument was unveiled on the 31st birthday of Lieutenant Julius Kuperjanov on 11 October 1925, but was demolished by the Soviet regime on the night of 21 September 1940. It was unveiled anew at its original location on Kuperjanovi Street in Valga on 16 August 2013. The original monument was designed in 1925 by Amandus Adamson, who also oversaw the bronze sculpture's casting in Italy. It was restored to its full size by sculptor Jaak Soans. The restoration was organised by the non-profit organisation VIKP (Permanent Exhibition of Patriotic Education in Valga), the town and county government of Valga and the Estonian War Museum.
Monument to the War of Independence in Tartu
This monument is situated on the right-hand bank of the Emajõgi River by Vabaduse Avenue (between the Vabaduse and Kaarsilla bridges) in Tartu.
Designed by Amandus Adamson, it was unveiled on 17 September 1933 and featured a cast-bronze sculpture of the Estonian epic hero Kalevipoeg leaning on his sword. The monument was removed in 1950, but as people continued to bring flowers and candles to the site, a bust of writer Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald was unveiled there in 1952. The restored monument, fashioned by sculptor Ekke Väli based on old photos, was unveiled on 22 June 2003.
